M

115

S «3

REPORT ON THE DEEP-SEA MADREPORARIA OF THE

SIBOGA-EXPEDITION

^

Sibog a-Expeditie

XVI a

REPORT ON THE DEEP-SEA MADREPORARIA
OF THE SIBOGA-EXPEDITION

BY

A. ALCOCK, M.B., LL.D.. F.R.S.

Indian Medical Service, corresponding Member of the Zoological Society and Fellow

of the Geological Society of Londoa. Superintendent of the Indian Museum

and Professor of Zoology and Comparative Anatomy in the Medical College of Calcutta.

Sometime Surgeon-Katuralist to the Indian Marine Survey.

With five plates

«i=4©{«&=

late E. J. BRILL

PUBLISHERS AND PRINTERS

LEYDEN — 1902

REPORT ON THE DEEP-SEA MADREPORARIA
OF THE SIBOGA-EXPEDITION

BV

A. ALCOCK, M.B., LL.D., F.R.S.

Indian Medical Service, corresponding Member of the Zoological Society and Fellow

of the Geological Society of London. Superintendent of the Indian Museum

and Professor of Zoology and Comparative Anatomy in the Medical College of Calcutta.

Sometime Surgeon-Naturalist to the Indian Marine Survey.

With five pi at es.

INTRODUCTION.

YYhen my friend Professor Max Weber suggested that I should deal with the Deep-sea
Madreporaria collected by the "Siboga" Expedition in the East Indian Archipelago, I assented
readily, because I fancied that the species inhabiting the deep basins of that part of the Oriental
Region would be much the same as those found in the depths of the seas of India, to which
I have given some study. Had I known, however, that the correspondences between represen-
tative collections from the deep-seas of the two regions would amount to less than ten
per cent of their sum, I should have been much more diffident as to my qualifications for the
proposed task.

Another unexpected difïïculty, with which I was confronted, was that the "Siboga"
collection contained, along with many forms that indisputably belong to the abysses, a large
number of other "free" forms — such, e. g\, as the species of Heter ocyathus, Heter opsammia,
and Balanophyllia — which, though they have no connexion with the peculiar fauna of the
deep sea, yet most emphatically cannot be classed with the reef-forming corals.

This at once raised the question, which I could have been well content to leave more
experienced zoophytologists to discuss, as to where, in the case of Corals, the limits of the
deep-sea fauna should be drawn.

Some writers have avoided this difficulty by including as Deep-sea Madreporaria all

SIBOGA-EXI'EMTIE XVI ,7.

,4753

those species — for the most part solitary in habit — which do not help to form reefs. Now
this simple method of dealing with the matter may serve well enough for some latitudes, but
it wil! not answer for tropical latitudes where the temperature, even at a depth of a hundred
fathoms, is fairly high.

For, at any rate in the Oriental region, everyone who has worked in the field knows
that, outside the zone of reef-forming corals, there are two separate coral faunas. One of these
is a characteristic local assemblage of small solitary species of Ettpsammidce \ Lophoseridce \ and
Tii,rbinolid(r, that flourish on shelly and shingly ground in depths of twenty to sixty fathoms
or thereabouts, where the water is still warm ; while the other includes a number of true cold-
water forms having decided afhnities with the corals living in the depths of the Xorth Atlantic
and with those that inhabited the Mediterranean basin in Tertiary times.

These two assemblages of Madreporaria — the one of small tropical species that are
now invading the depths : the other of well-established abyssal species having a more northern,
or at any rate a more cosmopolitan, cast — are quite distinct, even though a few of the
deep-sea species, such for instance as Batkyactis, do occasionally find their way into shallow water.

So far as the "Siboga" material is concerned, I have ventured, with Prof. Max Weber's
assent, to settle the matter by applying to the non-reef-forming corals the same measures that
have been found convenient for so many other groups of marine animals, and I have therefore
separated, as worthy of independant treatment with regard to questions of oceanography, all
those species that ordinarily live below the hundred-fathom line.

These species are here collected under the name of Deep-sea Madreporaria. The remainder
of the collection I hope to deal with hereafter as "Solitary Madreporaria of the Prope-littoral Zone".

The number of true deep-sea species included in the present instalment is 75, belonging
to 29 genera and subgenera and 5 families.

Of the species that are sufficiently well preserved for determination 38 have never, to the
best of my belief, been previously described, except in a preliminary communication published
in the Journal of the Netherland Zoolcgical Society.

Among these undescribed species there are a few for which new generic definitions have
had to be proposed. These new genera are (1) Lochiuccotroclius, which is essentially a Conotrochus
that forms small colonies by budding ; (2) Citharocyathus, which appears to show a line of
connexion between Deltocyathus and Nototrochus ; and (3) Placotrocliidcs, which seems to
connect Placotrochus and Platytrochus.

Several of these deep-sea species, described as new, have however a very close resem-
blance to species, described by Seguenza, from the Sicilian and Calabrian Tertiary rocks, and may
perhaps prove to be identical with them.

Several species that range across the Atlantic and into East Inclian waters, most of them
also occuring in a fossil state in the Tertiary Deposits of Southern Europe, are found amongst the
"Siboga" material, such as Deltocyathus italicus Michelotti, Desmophyllum cristagalli E. & H.,
Flabcllum laciniatum Philippi (a variety), Amphihelia oculata Linnens and Amphihelia ramea Muller.

Among other curiosities — or, as I prefer to regard them, weighty and suggestive
facts — of geographical distribution, must be mentioned that of the singular Amphihelia-like
Eupsammid Dendrophyllia (Coenopsammia) profunda, which was discovered by Pourtalès in
deep water among the West Indian Islands, ancl which we now find flourishing in the depths
of the Sea of Banda, in proximity to two other strange Oculina-like Eupsammids. This species
has also, quite recently, been discovered by the "Investigator" in deep water off Ceylon.

The cosmopolitan Bathyactis symmetrica Pourtalès is of course present in the collection,
and also illustrates its well-known elasticity of bathymetric range, having been dredged at the
one extreme in 289 metres (Station 12) and at the other extreme in 18S6 metres (Station 208).

The almost infinite adaptability to pressure conditions of Bathyactis symmetrica Pourtalès
is shared by its congeners Bathyactis stephana, which ranges from 69 to 1301 metres, and
Bathyactis Siöogac, which ranges from 522 to 19 14 metres. Deltocyathus lens, a small new
Turbinoloid species, can accomodate itself with almost equal ease, having been dredged, on
the one hand, at 390 metres and, on the other hand, at 4914 metres.

Four other peculiarly adaptable species, which show the transition between the deep-sea
and what I propose to call the deep prope-littoral zone, may here be mentioned. The)- are
Deltocyathus magnificus Mosely (522 to 15 metres), Tropidocyathus lessoni Michelin (390 to
69 metres), Trochocyathus caryophylloides (304 to 15 metres), and Flabellum distinctuin E. &
H. There are no hard and fast boundary-lines in Nature, and I do not think that the extensive
bathymetric range of any of these species invalidates the distinction, emphasized in this Report,
between the veteran fauna of the deep sea. and the recruiting ground of the prope-littorBl zone.

The southern end of the Sulu Sea seems to be one of the richest places in the world
for deep-sea corals. At seven stations close together, between the parallels of 50 43' and 6° 15' N.
and the meridians of ii9°4o' and 12 1° 28' E. and the depths of 270 and 1270 metres, no
less than 32 species representing 18 genera were dredged by the „Siboga". At one single
station of these seven (Station 95, 522 metres) 22 species of 14 genera came up at one haul.
Hardly less fertile is the neighbourhood of the Kei Islands in the Banda Sea, where the
"Siboga" dredged many of the species described by Moseley from the "Challenger" collection.
When it is remembered that some of these teeming coral-grounds support prolific branching
forms like Amphihelia, we may well imagine that in the depths of some of the tropical seas
actual submarine coral-reefs may be forming. This idea is supported by the facts mentioned in
the Report on the "Investigator" deep-sea Madreporaria, that at a depth of 430 fathoms off
the Malabar coast nearly half a ton of deep-sea corals were brought up at a single haul of
the dredge ; and that at a depth of 1000 fathoms, in the Laccadive Sea, over two hundred
specimens of a large species of Caryophyllia were netted in a haul of no long duration.

Xo tremendous hauls of this sort appear to have been made in the course of the
"Siboga" expedition, but, on the other hand, the basins explored by the "Siboga" are vastly
richer in species than the depths of the seas of the western part of the Oriental Region
explored by the "Investigator".

II. LIST OF AUTHORS CONSULTED.

AUTHORS EARLIER THAN MILNE EDWARDS AND HAIME ARE NOT INCLUDED.

AGASSIZ, A. Three Cruises of the Blake, Vol. II. p. 148 et seq. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology.

Harvard, Vol. XV. 1888.
ALCOCK, A. On Sorae Newly-recorded Corals from the Indian Seas. Journal of the Asiatic Society of

Bengal, LXII. pt. 2. 1893.

On Some New and Rare Corals from the Deep Waters of India. Act. at. LXIII. pt. 2. 1894.

— ■ — An Account of the Deep-Sea Madreporaria collected by the Royal Indian Marine Survey Ship

Investigator. Calcutta, 1S98.

BaSSÉT-Smith, P. W. Report on the Corals from the Tizzard and Macclesfield Banks, Annals and Ma-
gazine of Natural History (6) VI. 1890.

DANA, J. D. United States Exploring Expedition. Zoophytes. Philadelphia, 1848.

D'ARCHIAC et HAIME. Animaux Fossiles du Groupe Nummulitique de 1'Inde. Paris, 1853.

DENNANT, J. New Species of Corals from the Australian Tertiaries. Transactions and Proceedings of the
Royal Society of South Australia. XXIII. 1898 — 99 and XXV. 1901.

DUNCAN, P. Martin. Fossil Corals and Echinoderms from the South Australian Tertiaries. Annals and
Magazine of Natural History (3) XIV. 1864.

Report on the "Porcupine" Madreporaria. Proceedings of the Royal Society. 1870.

- Madreporaria dredged up during the Expedition of H. M. S. Porcupine. Transactions of the Zoolo-

gical Society. VIII. 1873 — 74 and X. 1878 — 79.

Deep Sea and Littoral Corals. Proceedings of the Zoological Society, 1876.

Monograph of the Fossil Corals of Sind. Pala;ontologia Indica, ser. VII and XIV. Vol. I. Part 2, 18S0.

Recent Corals from Madeira. Proceedings of the Zoological Society, 1882.

- Remarks on Actinology of the Atlantic Ocean. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, series 5.

Vol. XII. 1883.

- A Revision of the Families and Genera of the Sclerodermic Zoantharia or Madreporaria. Journal

of the Linnean Society, Zoology, XVIII. 1884 — 85.

On the Madreporaria of the Mergui Archipelago. Journal of the Linnean Society, XXI. 1886 — 89.

DüCHASSAING, P. et MlCHELOTTI, J. Memoire sur les Coralliaires des Antilles. Mem. Accad. Sci. Torino,

Classe di Fis. et Mat. ser. 2-1. XIX. 1S60.
GARDINER, J. Stanley. On Turbinolid and Oculinoid Corals from the South Pacific. Proceedings of the

Zoological Society, 1898.

- On the Solitary Corals collected by Dr. A. Willey. Willey's Zoological Results. Cambridge, 1899.

- On the Anatomy of a supposed new Species of Coenopsammia from Lifu. Willey's Zoological Results

Part IV, Cambridge, 1899.
Heider, A. R. VON, Korallenstudien. Zeitschrift für wissenschaftliche Zoölogie, Bd. LI. 1891.
DAN, E. Zoanthaircs provenant des campagnes du vacht 1'Hirondelle. Monaco, 1895.

Kent, VV. Saville. On some new and little-known Species of Madrepores. Proceedings of the Zoological

Society, [871.
Madreporaria from the Coast of Spain and Portugal. Annals and Magazine of Natura! History (4)

VI. 1870.
Lacaze-Duthiers, II. Evolution du Polypier du Flabellum anthophyllum. Archives de Zoölogie Expéri-

mentale. (3) II. [894.

Faune du Golfe du Lion, Corailliaires. Archiv. de Zool. Expérim. (3) V. [897.

LlNDSTROM, G. Contributions to the Actinology of the Atlantic Ocean. Kongliga Svenska Vetenskaps-

Akad. Handlingar. Bd. XIV. X" 6, 1877.
A Reply to Remarks of Prof. Duncan, Annals and Magazine of Natural History, ser. 5, Vol.

XIII. 1884.

Qn Thecocyathus, etc. Ofversigt Kongl. Vetenskaps-Akad. Förhandlingar 1900 (1901).

MARENZELLER, E. VON. Ueber einige japanische Turbinoliiden. Annalen des K.K. Naturhistorischen

Hofmuseums, Pd. III. [888.
Ueber das Wachsthum der Gattung Flabellum. Zoologische Jahrbücher, Systematik u. s. w. Abth.

Pd. III. 1888.
MlLNE Kdwards H. et Haime, J. Monographie des Turbinolides, Annales des Sciences Naturelles (3 sér.)

Zoölogie, IX, 1848. Monographie des Eupsammides, act. cit. X. 1848. Monographie des Oculinides,

act. cit. XIII. 1850.

Histoire Xaturelle des Coralliaires, toni. II. 1857, torn. III. 1S60.

MOSELEY, H. X. A New Species of Simple Coral. Proceedings of the Zoological Society. 1880.

Report on the Deep Sea Madreporaria dredged by H. M. S. Challenger. 1881.

ORTMANN, A. Studiën über Steinkorallen. Zoologische Jahrbücher, Systematik u. s. w. Abth. Pd. III. 18S8.
OSASCO, E. Corallari Pliocenici del Piemonte etc. Atti della R. Accademia di Torino, XXXI. 1895 — 96.

Corallari Miocenici del Piemonte, act. cit. XXXII. 1896 — 97. Corallari Oligocenici del Piemonte,

act. cit. XXXIII. 1897 — 98.
Pi iURTALÈS, L. F. DE. Contributions to the Fauna of the Gulf Stream at great depths. Pulletin of the

Museum of Comparative Zoology. Harvard I. 1863 — 69.
Illustrated Catalogue of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard. X" IV. Deep Sea Corals,

1871. — X" VIII. Deep-Sea Corals, 1874.
Reports on the Dredging Operations of the U. S. Coast Survey Steamer Blake: Corals. Buil. Mus.

Comp. Zool. Harvard V. 1878 — 79, and VI. 1879 — 80.
REHBERG, H. Neue und wenig bekannte Korallen. Abhandlungen aus dem Gebiete der Xaturwissenschaften

etc. Hamburg, Pd. XII. 1892.
Saks, G. O. On Some Remarkable Forms of Animal Life from the Great Deeps off the Nonvegian Coast.

Christiania, 1872.
ScLATER, V'. L. On a New Madreporarian Coral. Proceedings of the Zoological Society, 1886.
SEGIEXZA, G. Corallarii Fossili della Rocca Terziarie del Distretto di Messina. Memorie della Reale

Accademia delle Scienze di Torino (Fis. e Mat.) ser. 2. XXI. 1864.
SEMPER, C. Ueber Generationswechsel bei Steinkorallen u. s. w. Zeitschrift für wissenschaftliche Zoölogie.

Bd. XXII. 1S72.
STUDER, Th. Steinkorallen auf der Reise S. M. S. Gazelle gesammelt. Monatsberichte der Köngl. Preussischen

Akademie zu Rerlin, (1877) 187S.
TeximjxAVoods, J. E. On the Extra-tropical Corals of Australia. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of

Xew South Wales, II. 1S78.
THOMSON, C. WyvillE. The Depths of the Sea. London, 1873.
VAUGHAN, T. WAYLAND. A Xew Genus and Species of Turbinolid Coral from Japan. Proceedings of

the United States National Museum, Vol. XXII. 1900.
List of Papers on Recent and Fossil Stony Corals. Sammlungen des Geologischen Reichs-Museums

in Leiden, ser. 2, Bd. II. Heft 1, 1901.

6

VERRILL, A. E. Synopsis of North Pacific Polyps and Corals. Proceedings of the Essex Institute, V.

1866 — 67, (Communications p. 17).
Review of the Corals and Polyps of the West Coast of North America. Transactions of the

Connecticut Academy I. pt. 2. 1867 — 71.
New and Imperfectly-known Echinoderms and Corals. Proceeding of the Boston Society of Natural

History, XII. 1868— 1869.

Descriptions of New Corals. American Journal of Science, 2nd ser. XLIX. 1870.

Marine Fauna of the Eastern Coast of North America. American Journal of Science, 31'd ser. XVI. 1878.

- Marine Fauna off the South-eastern Coast of New England. American Journal of Science, y& ser.

XXIX. 1885.

III. SYSTEMATIC ACCOUNT OF THE SIBOGA
DEEP-SEA MADREPORARIA.

MADREPORARIA APOROSA Edw. & H.

I. Family Ti'rbinolid.-e Edw. & H.

Twenty genera, including subgenera, of this family are represented in the collection.

I. Caryophyllia Lamk., Stokes, Duncan.

The collection contains specimens of seven species of this genus, one of which however
is represented only by dead and worn specimens that are hardly identifiable. There are besides,
from Station 159, some dead fragments of what may be a Caryophyllia.

Synopsis of the Siboga Deep Sea species of Caryophyllia.

I. Coralium free, cornute, septa in six systems and four complete cycles :

1. Costa; thin and sinuous, those of the first two cycles peculiarly salient

and trenchant ï. C. cultrifera.

2. Costae mere granular striations, except in young specimens, in which

those of the first two cycles are broad and angular 2. C. scobinosa.

II. Coralium fixed :

1. Septa in six systems and four complete cycles:

I. Septa of the fourth cycle larger and very much more exsert

than those of the third 3. C. panda.

II. Septa of third and fourth cycles almost equal 4. C. ephyala.

2. A fifth cycle present in some of the systems, thecal wall with trans-

verse undulating accretion ridges 5. C. transversalis.

3. Septa having the appearance of five systems of four regular and

complete cycles 6. C. quadragenaria.

1. Caryophyllia cultrifera n. sp. Plate I. Fig. 1, ia.

Stat. 101. 6°i5'N., i20°2i'E. 1270 m. 1 Ex.
In form this species much resembles C. communis Seg. and C ambrosia mihi, but differs

from both in the enormous size of the septa and remarkable prominence and sharpness of the
rosta- of the first two cycles. The septa of these two cycles are even larger than those of
C. (Ceratocyathus) zanchca and compressa Seg.

Corallum unattached, curved and slightly twisted, hardly compressed.

Costa; ver)- thin, sinuous, those of the first two cycles extremely prominent and trenchant.

Septa thin, wavy, denticulate, 48 in number in six regular systems : those of the first

two cycles are equal, and are of enormous size and greatly exsert : those of the fourth cycle

are a little larger and very much more exsert than those of the third : the surfaces of all are

rather distantly papillose.

Pali large, strongly sinuous, strongly but bluntly denticulate, 1 2 in number and placed
opposite the septa of the third cycle.

The columella consists of three or four broad curly ribbons.
Soft parts brownish-yellow : corallum snow-white with a thin brownish epitheca.

Greatest height of corallum 28 millim.
Major diameter of calicle 22 „
Minor „ 20

2. Qaryophyllia scobinosa n. sp. Plate I. Fig. 2, 2a.

Stat. 45. 70 24' S., ii8°i5'.2E. 794 m. 3 Ex.

Stat. 102. 6° 4'.i N., I20°44' E. 535 m. 3 Ex. (small).

This species also is related to C. communis Seg. and even more nearly to C.pumila Seg

Corallum unattached (except when young) curved, hardly compressed.

The costae in the larger specimens are merely discontinuous striations amid a field of
close-set but discrete miliary granules, but in the smaller specimens angular costae corresponding
with the first two cycles of septa are very distinct, at least on the convex curve of the corallum.

Septa thin, 48 in number in six regular systems : those of the first two cycles, which
are equal, are conspicuously large and exsert : those of the 4th cycle are about the same size
as, but are a little more exsert than, those of the 3rd: the surfaces of all are denticulate, and
the edges, within the calicular fossa, a little sinuous.

Pali strongly sinuous, bluntly denticulate, 1 2 in number and placed opposite the septa
of the third cycle.

Columella of a few broad twisted ribbons, small.

Soft parts brownish-yellow : corallum white, but much discoloured on the outside below
the calicular margin.

Greatest height of corallum 20 millim.
Major diameter of calicle 16.5 „
Minor „ „ „ 13.5 „

3. Caryophyllia panda n. sp. Plate I. Fig. 3, 3a.

Stat. 177. 2°24'.5S., [29°38'.sE. 1633 m. 1 Ex.

This species is closely related to C. arcuata Edw. & H. and to Caryophyllia (not
Ceratocyathus) zanclcea Seg., also to C ephyala mihi, from all of which it differs in having the
septa of the fourth cycle larger and very much more exsert than those of the third.

Corallum curved, moderately compressed, expanding from a stout pedicle which is attached
by a broad encrusting base, the thecal wall is finely granular, the costa; showing as finestriffi.

Septa stout, 4S in number in six regular systems, those of the first two cycles are
equal and are conspicuously large and exsert, those of the fourth cycle are larger and much
more exsert than those of the third : the surfaces of all are clenticulate.

Pali large, flexuous, 1 2 in number placed opposite the septa of the third cycle ; their
surface is strongly but bluntly denticulate.

The columella consists of two or three curling ribbons.

The corallum is glistening white.

Greatest height of corallum about 35 millim.
Major diameter of calicle 19 „

Minor „ 15 „

4. Caryophyllia ephyala Alcock.

Caryophyllia ephyala Alcock. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Jan. 1891, p. 6.
Investigator Deep-Sea Madreporaria, p. 13, pi. I. figs. 4, 4a.

Stat. 59. io°22'.7S., 1230 16'. 5 E. 390 m. 1 dead Ex.
Stat. 95. 5°43'-5 N., ii9°4o' E. 522 m. 1 dead Ex.
Stat. 251. 5°28'.4S-, 1320 o'. 2 E. 204 m. 2 Ex.

The two specimens from Station 251 and that from Station 95, though they do not
agree in every detail with the specimens from the Andaman and Laccadive Seas, are not to
be separated from them. The differences appear to be due partly to age, and partly to slight
malformation in one specimen.

Distribution : Laccadive Sea, Andaman Sea, Banda Sea.

5. Caryophyllia sp. (an claims?).

Stat. 95. 5°43'.5 N., H9°4o' E. 522 m. 7 Ex., dead and worn.
Stat. 100. 6° 11' N., I20°37'.sE. 450 m. 3 Ex., dead and worn.
Stat. 259. 5°29'.2S., I32°52'.5E. 487 m. 1 Ex., dead.

These specimens are all dead and worn and are not identifiable with certainty, but they
are extremely like C. clavus.

6. Caryophyllia clavus var. transversa lis Moseley.

Caryophyllia clavus var. transversalis Moseley. Challenger Deep-Sea Madreporaria, p. 134.
pi. I. figs. 2, 2a.

3IBOGA-EXPEDITIE XVIff. 2

io

Stat. 12. 7° 15' S., ii5°is'.6E. 289 m. 1 Ex.
Stat. 256. 5°26'.6S., i32°32'.5E. 397 m. 3 Ex.

The Challenger specimens were dredged off the Kei Islands, on almost the exact spot
of Siboga Station 256.

7. Caryophylla quadragenaria n. sp. Plate I. Fig. 4, 4».

Stat. 90. I°I7'.5N., 1180 53' E. 2S1 to 54 m. 1 Ex.
Stat. 251. 5°28'.4S., i32°o.2' E. 204 m. 1 Ex.
Stat. 2S9. 90 o'-3 S., I26324'.5E. 112 m. 1 Ex.

Allied to C. cylindracea Reuss, C. abyssorum Duncan and C. antillarum Pourtalès.

Corallum rather elongate, little compressed, gradually and elegantly expanding from a
curved, very short, rather slender cylindrical peduncle with an incrusting base

The costae, whose granular snrface is glazed over by a thin vitreous epitheca, are equal;
they are very distinct at the calicular orifice, and thence gradually become less salient until they
are lost on the pedicle.

Septa exsert, 40 in number, arranged with perfect regularity in what appears to be
five systems of four complete cycles ; their surfaces are finely denticulate, and their edges inside
the calicular fossa are wavy. Those of the iïrst two cycles, which are equal, are much the
largest and most exsert, dividing the calicle into ten perfectly equal compartments ; those ot
the fourth cycle are a little larger and a good deal more exsert than those of the third.

Pali 10 in number, opposite the septa of the third cycle: they have the form of large
upstanding curls, just like the ringlets that compose the columella of most Caryophylliee.

Columella large, rather deep-seated, made up of numerous cincinni.

The thecal wall is stained with purple-brown near the calicular margin, bevond which
it has a striated appearance owing to the costce being alternately darker and lighter.

Greatest height of corallum 15 millim.
Major diameter of calicle 10 „
Minor „ „ „ 8

Another specimen of this species was dredged in 112 metres water at station 289.

II. Ceratotrochus Edw. & H., Duncan.

The collection contains three species which may be referred to this genus. One of them,
from Station 102, is represented by broken specimens to which I am reluctant to give a name
that may be a stumbling-block to future systematists ; while another, from Station 159, is a
mere relic which has even less right to a specific name, for it might equally well be regardecl
as a worn and weathered Trochocyathtis.

S. Ceratotrochus vemishis n. sp. Plate I. Fig. 5, $a.

Stat. 256. 5°26'.6S., i32°32'.5E. 397 m. 1 Ex.
The corallum is unattached, acutely conical, straight, a little compressed, thick-walled.

I I

Costae equal, in the form of very thin microscopically-serrate carinse, which extend from
the calicular margin to the acuminate base.

Calicular orifice horizontal, the fossa deep. Septa in six systems and five cycles, the
fifth cycle being undeveloped in two of the half-systems. Those of the first cycle are pre-
eminently large and exsert, besides being thicker than the others; those of the other four
cycles diminish successively in size and exsertion from the 2,ul to the 5th. All the septa are
straight and finely and sparsely granular, and all hut those of the first cycle have the edge,
within the calicular fossa, slightly sinuous.

Columella deep-seated, consisting of a fair number of twisted pinnacles arising from a
basal network. Only the septa of the first two cycles meet the columella, and then only at a
great depth in the calicular fossa.

Heisfht of corallum 10 millim.

Major diameter of calicle 9 „
Minor „ „ „ 8

III. Subgenus Conotrochus Seguenza.

Only cliffers from Ceratotrochus in having the theca immersed in an epitheca showing
transverse growth-rings : the epitheca forms for the calicular orifice a well-marked boundary
line in which the outer ends of the summits of the septa are somewhat sunk.

9. CcratotrocJius (Conotrochus) funicolumna n. sp. Plate I. Fig. 6, 6a.

Stat. 95. 5°43'.5 N., H9°4o' E. 522 m. 1 Ex., dead.
Stat. 100. 6° 11' X. I20°37'.5E. 450 m. 2 Ex., dead.

The dead corallum, which is all that we possess of this singularly elegant species, Iooks
much like a shortened form a of Conotrochus typus Seg. from the Sicilian Tertiaries, to which
it is evidently nearly related, as also to P leurocyathus brunneus Moseley.

Corallum attached, conical, short, the calicular orifice perfectly circular. The costse,
which correspond in number to the septa, are all of one size and form, but are somewhat
hidden by a thin epitheca in which broad rings of accretion are noticeable.

The rounded summits of the septa are just visible above the sharply defined calicular
margin. The septa are in six systems and four complete cycles, the primaries being the largest
and the others gradually diminishing in size in serial succession ; they all descend very deeply
into the cup.

The columella is a stout isolated column of remarkable height, composed of over a
dozen long ribbon-like strands, which are all tightly twisted together in one solid spiral like a
piece of rope.

Height of corallum 12.5 millim.
Diameter of calicle 11.5 „

I 2

The rope-like columella of this species is very characteristic, and is well exhibited in
all three specimens. No stereoplasma is present in any of them, a fact which is sufficiënt to
separate the species from the closely allied Platrocyat/uis èrunneus of Moseley.

IV. Subgenus Phloeocyathus nom. nov.

Pleurocyathus Moseley [nee Keferstein), Challenger Deep Sea Madreporaria p. 159

(nom. praeocc).

The tips of the septa are embedded in stereoplasma : otherwise as Conotrochus.

10. Ceratotrochus (Phlceocyathus) hospes, n. sp. Plate II. fig. 8, Sa.
Stat. 150. o°6'N., I29°7'.2E. 1089 m. 1 Ex. (broken).

Corallum conical, covered with a thin, dark-brown, speckled epitheca, beneath which
numerous fine wrinkles and fine discrete granulation, as well as several bold growth-rings, are
visible. No distinct costse exist.

The calicular margin is circular and the epitheca is folded over it, so that the septa
are sunk below it.

The calicular fossa is deep and, like the septa, is of a dark brown colour, the edges
of the septa and the tips of the strands of the columella being nearly black. The septa do
not project far into the fossa, and appear even less salient than they are owing to the presence
of abundant stereoplasma. They are in six systems and four cycles, the last cycle being absent
in a few of the half-systems. Those of the first cycle are slightly the largest.

Most of the septa touch the columella, which though very deep-seated is fairly promi-
nent, and consists of about a dozen low cincinni.

The corallum of the unique specimen is broken, so that its height cannot be determined,
hut the maximum diameter of its nearly circular calicular orifice is close upon 9 millim.

A worm appears to have inhabited the corallum as a commensal, tunnelling in the
stereoplasm.

From P. èrunneus Moseley this species differs (1) in the absence of costse, (2) in
haring the septa sunk below the margin of the calicle, and (3) in the larger columella.

V. Lochmaeotrochus, n. gen.

This genus agrees in all respects with Phlceocyathus (—- Pleurocyathus Moseley nee
Keferstein", which Martin Duncan regards as identical with Ceratotrochus E. & H.) but differs
in forming a bush-like colony bybudding — sometimes dichotomously — near the calicular margin.

Corallum cylindro-conical, covered with a thickish epitheca which rises higher than the
septa, budding near the calicular margin to form a small bushy colony.

Septa narrow, not much encroaching on the calicular fossa, slightly sunken below the
calicular margin where they are immersed in a zone of stereoplasma.
Calicular fossa deep ; septal loculi open to the base.
Columella >A~ good size, loosely reticular or spongy, deep-seated.
No pali or paliform lobes of any sort.

ii. Lochmaotrochus oculeus n. sp. Plate II. fig. 9, ga.

Stat. 259. 5°29'.2S., i32°52'.5E. 487 m. 3 Ex.

Stat. 159. o° 59'. iS., i29°48'.8 E. 411 m. Some dead and broken fragments.

The colony has the shape of a small irregular bush, formed by budding (often dicho-
tomously) in several planes and up to the fourth generation. The budding takes place near
the calicular margin, is fairly regular, and is a true gemmation.

An individual corallum when nearly fullgrown is cylindro-conical, sometimes straight,
but usually a little curved. It is invested by a granular epitheca, which rises higher than the
septa and forms a sharp rim or lip round the circular calicular orifice. The epitheca may
entirely conceal the costae, or may, at any rate in the lower half of the wall, leave faint
traces of them.

The calicular fossa is deep, and its mouth is perfectly circular and level.

The septa, which are all of a height, are sunken and are separated from the over-
hanging epithecal lip by a well defined ring-groove. They do not project much into the calicle,
and appear less salient than they really are because superiorly they are imbedded in a zone
of stereoplasm. They are usually 36 in number, every alternate one reaching the columella.
They are arranged in six systems and four cycles, the fourth cycle however being developed
in only one half of each of the six systems, and the tertiary septa being enlarged in the six
half-systems in which the fourth cycle exists. Thus the arrangement of the septa may be called
regularly irregular. Ultimately, however, the septa reach the full number of 48, in six regular
systems of four complete cycles.

The columella though deep-seated is large and prominent : it is fairly circular and
consists of a loose spongy reticulum.

An average nearly full-grown corallum, with 36 septa, is 12 millim. long, the diameter
of its mouth inside the prominent epithecal lip being 7 millim. Specimens with the full number
of 4S septa are a little larger.

Though this species lies within Martin Duncan's division of Turbinolidce Gemmantes,
it is, as I have stated in the introduction, merely a compound Ceratotrochus (Conotrochus),
and at nrst I was inclined to regard it as identical with Ceratotrochus ( P hlceocyathus) hospes,
which species again is but little different from Ceratotrochus (Conotrochus) funicolumna.

From Ccenocyathus Edw. & H. Lochmceotrochus is readily distinguished by the absence
of pali, and from Gemmulatrochus Duncan by the well-developed columella.

14

VI. Cyathoceras Moseley.

Cyathoceras Moseley. Challenger Deep-Sea Madreporaria, p. 156.

12. Cyathoceras Tydemani n. sp. Plate I. Fig. 7, ~a.

Stat. 95. S°43'-5 N., ii9°4o'E. 522 m. 2 Ex.
Stat. 105. 6° 8' N., 1210 19' E. 275 m. 5 Ex.

Corallum elongate-goblet-shaped, attached by a short, curved, cylindrical pedicle. Thecal
wall thin, granular. The costae are granular ridges only reaching halfway down the thecal wall ;
those of the first two cycles are the most distinct, and even they are not very prominent.

Calicular orifice nearly horizontal ; calicular fossa very deep.

The septa, which are only very slightly exsert, have a distantly-granular surface and
a sinuous edo-e. They are 60 in number and their arrangement is decidedly irregular, appearing
to be in six systems of fonr cycles with two extra half-systems intercalated. Those of the first
two cycles are much the largest and the most exsert, while those of the other cycles diminish
in size in serial succession.

Columella ver)- deep-seated and very sharply delimited from the septa, consisting of two
or more curling ribbons.

The appearance of this coral is exactly that of a Caryophyllia devoid of pali, or of a
Desmophyllum with a Caryophylliaceous columella.

Heio-ht of corallum 17.^ millim.

&

Major diameter of calicle 8 „

Minor „ „ „ 7

Cyathoceras Tydemani is closely related to C. cornu Moseley, which was dredged by
the Challeneer off the mouth of the Rio de la Plata, and off the South-East corner of Australia.

VII. Trochocyathus Edw. & H., Duncan.
There are two species of this genus in the collection.

Synopsis of the Siboga Deep Sea species of Trochocyathus.

I. Septa in more than four cycles: pali lamellar :

1. Septa and pali extremely regular: columella a reticulum of coarsc

granules i. T. caryophylloides.

2. Columella sublaminar: the septa of the fourth cycle usually unite

with those of the third 2. T. pileus

13. TrocliocyatJms caryopJiylloidcs n. sp. Plate II. Fig. 10, 10a.

Stat. 251. 5°28'.4.S., 1323 o'.2 E. 204 m. 1 Ex.
Stat. 253. 5°48'.2S., I32°i3' E. 304 m. 1 Ex.
[Stat. 96. S. E. of Pearl Bank, Sulu Archipelago. 15 m. 4 Ex.|

Corallum fixed by a very short and rather slender peduncle with a non-encrusting base,
a little curved and compressed, the major axis ol the calicle on a slightly lower |)lane than
the minor. Thecal wall finely yranular ; the costa- are little more than oranular slri.r becominer
distinct ridges only near the calicular margin.

Septa stout, exsert, their surface beset with radiating rows of small granules; they are
64 in number and have an apparent arrangement in eight systems of four cycles. Those of
the iïrst two cycles are equally large and exsert ; those of the third cycle are a little smaller
and less exsert than their predecessors and a little larger and more exsert than their successors.

Pali stout but lamelliform, 32 in number and placed opposite all the septa except those
of the last cycle ; they are of two sizes - - large ones opposite the 1 6 septa of the apparent
third cycle, and small ones opposite the 16 septa of the apparent fïrst two cycles - - but they
all stand in one ring of wonderful regularity, sharply defined both from the septa and from
the columella.

CoLumella deep-seated, formeel of a somewhat spongiform cushion of coarse granules.

Corallum whitish, soft parts brownish or reddish purple.

Height of corallum about 23 millim.
Major diameter of calicle 23 .,

In appearence this coral is exactly like a Caryophyllia^ the pali, though being present
before all the septa except those of the last cycle, standing in a single ring. It has a striking
resemblance to the Paracyathus pulchellus (Phil.j figured by Lacaze-Duthiers in Arch. de Zool.
Expérim. (3) V. 1897, P'- VII, only the pali are more regular than in the last species. As
regards the pali, it has a close resemblance to Paracyathus coronatus Duncan (Proc Zool.
Soc, Lond., 1876, p. 432, pi. XXXYIII, Fig. 13).

14. Trochocyathus pileus^ n. sp. Plate II. Fig. 11, 1 ia.

Stat. 95. 5°43'.5 N., ii9°4o'. E. 522 m. 4 Ex.

This species appears to be closely related to T. mitratus (Goldf.) from the Miocene of
Southern Europe.

Corallum shaped either like a wedge or like a Phrygian cap, conical, a good deal
compressed, with the base either acuminate ancl curved in the plane of the minor axis, or
straight and truncated. In young specimens the corallum seems to be fixed.

Costa? equal, and equally salient from calicular lip to base, all very elegantly and
evenly milled or serrated throughout their extent.

The calicular fossa is not very deep and is well filled by the septa and pali. The major
axis of the calicular orifice is on a somewhat lower plane than the minor.

The septa, which are strongly echinulate, are in six systems of four cycles, with a fifth
cycle developed in some of the half-systems. Those of the first two cycles, which are equal,
are the largest and far the most exsert, and those of the lowest cycle are very much more

i6

exsert than those which immediately precede them. Those of the fourth cycle usually unite
with those of the third some distance above the columella.

The pali, which are lamellar and echinate, are about 30 in number and are placed
opposite all the septa except those of the last cycle.

The columella, like that of Tropidocyatluts lessoni, to which species Trochocyathus pileus
is closely related, is very variable. In one specimen it consists of two rugose vertical plates
placed end to end, in another specimen it consists of a single regular row of teeth, in another
specimen it is a narrow spongiform mass, while in a fourth it consists of an elongate patch
of pinnacles not distinctly delimited from the pali.

Greatest height of corallum of largest specimen 14 millim.
Major diameter of calicle 1 5 „

Minor B 10 „

In general appearance this species has a considerable likeness to Tropidocyatluis lessoni
without the wings. In the young stage this likeness is heightened by the presence of fairly prominent
lateral costre not unlike the wings of Tropidocyathus in an incipient state.

VIII. Subgenus Thecocyathus Edw. & H.

Differs from Trochocyathus in having the thecal wall surrounded, up to the calicular
margin, with an epitheca.

The collection contains two species, of which one is represented by a dead and broken
specimen and is referred to this subgenus with some doubt.

15. Trochocyathus (Thecocyathus) rhomèocolumna n. sp. Plate II. Fig. 12.

Stat. 95. 5°43'.5 N., na°40'E. 522 m. 1 Ex. dead and broken.

The thecal wall is marked with fine transverse rugse, somewhat as in T. cincticulatus
mihi. The septa and pali are strongly echinulate.

Septa in six systems and four complete cycles ; the primaries are large and coarse, as also
are, but not to such a marked degree, the secondaries, both primaries and secondaries being
.much more exsert than the septa of the lower cycles. None of the septa unite with one another.

Pali lamellar, before all the septa except those of the last cycle ; those opposite the
tertiaries are much the largest.

Columella formed of four large rugose prisms arranged in a rhomb.

The unique specimen is dead and broken and is also the subject of a malformation on
one side, so that a completer diagnosis is not possible.

16. Trochocyathus (Thecocyathus) virgatus n. sp. Plate II. Fig. 13.

Stat. 105. 6°8'N., 1210 19' E. 275 m. 1 Ex.

[Stat. 96, South-East of Pearl Bank, Sulu Archipela^o. 15 m. 1 Ex.]

This species has a very strong resemblance to Paracyathus striatus Phil. [cf. Duncan,

'7

Trans. Zool. Soc. Lond. VIII, p. 319, PI. XLIIJ. Figs. 9 — 13 and X, p. 240, PI. XLIX.
Figs. 4 — 10) from the Mediterranean, but is not at all compressed and has a copious epitheca.

Corallum attached, either cylindro-conical or very short, encrusted to within a ven
short distance of the calicular margin with a thick dead epitheca through which costae here
and there erop out. Above die well-defined limit of the dead epitheca is a vitreous epitheca,
which may invade the lip of the calicle, but does not conceal the trenchant finely serrated costae.

The septa, which are in six systems and four complete cycles, are very regular and
are exsert, those of the first two cycles being more exsert than those of the third and fourth.
Their edges though thin and trenchant are finely crenulate, and their surfaces are most elegantly
ornamenteel with radiating crenulate striae.

The pali, which are 24 in number, are thick, crenated, subprismatic pillars, placed in
two crowns opposite the septa of the first three cycles, and particularly well delimited both
from the septa and from the columella.

The columella, which is not deep-seated. consists of a large number (about 40) of small
granular discrete pinnacles.

The septa of the first two cycles are purple-brown, those of the two inferior cycles are

white tinged with purple-brown at the edge : the pali and the pinnacles of the columella are

snow-white.

Height of corallum 20 millim.

Diameter of the circular calicle 1 1 „

The specimen from Station 96 though much shorter, and of denser and coarser consi-

stence, is not otherwise distinguishable from the deepwater type.

IX. Subgenus Tropidocyathus Edw. & H.

Differs from Trochocyathus only in having the lateral costae expanded to form a pair of
wings. Even in some species of Trochocyathus the lateral costae are dentate or even auriculate.

17. Trochocyathus (Tropidocyathus) Lessoni Mich. Plate II. Fig. 14, \\a.

Flabellum lessoni Michelin in Guerin's Magasin de Zoölogie, 2m" section, Mollusques et Zoo-

phytes 1839 — 1844. Zoophytes pi. 6 (1840).
Tropidocyathus lessoni Milne Edwards et Haime, Annales des Sciences Naturelles, ser. 3,

Zoölogie, IX, 1848, p. 327, and Hist. Nat. des Coralliaires, II, p. 57.

Stat. 59. io°22'.7S., i23°i6'.5E. 390 m. 1 Ex., dead.

[Stat. 49'. 8°23'.5S., 1 190 4.6 E. 69 m. 3 Ex.]

[Stat. 260. 5°36'.5S., I32°55'.2E. 90 m. 2 Ex.]

[Stat. 289. 90 o'. 3 S., i26°24'.5E. 112 m. 1 Ex.]

I have no doubt that these all belong to Michelin 's species, though the form of the
auricles and of the columella is variable. A corresponding variation is noticeable in the series
of Trochocyathus pileus just described. Only one specimen was dredged in deepwater and that
was dead.

SIROGA-EXPEDITIE \\\a. 3

ïS

X Paracyathus Edw. & H., Duncan.

It is almost impossible to identify the species of this genus without actual comparison
of specimens. I have restricted the term to those species in which the pali are confused with
the columella, otherwise I do not see how the line is to be drawn between this genus and
Trochocya th u s .

18. Paracyathus Agassizi Duncan.

Paracyathus agassizi Duncan. Transactions of the Zoological Society of London, VIII, 1S74,
p. 319, pi. XLIII. figs-. 5—8.

Stat. 256. 5°26'.6S., I32°32'.5E. 397 m. 1 Ex.

I identify the single specimen with some doubt, having at first been inclined to regard
it is a variety of Trochocyathus ( Thecocyatkus) virgatus.

Distribution. Atlantic, off the coast of Portugal, Arafura Sea.

19. Paracyathus pruinosus, n. sp. Plate III, fig. 17, lya.

[Station 96. S. E. of Pearl Bank, Sulu Archipelago 15 m. 2 Ex.]

I include this species among the deep-sea fauna because, although it was dredged in
only 1 5 metres of water, it was associated with such forms as Deltocyathus magnificus, Tro-
chocyathus carvophylloides and ThccocyatJuis virgatus, and not with any shallow-water species,
lts nearest relative is Paracyathus striatus Phil. (Duncan Trans. Zool. Soc. VIII p. 319 and
X p. 240), an Atlantic species.

Corallum very dense and heavy, short or of moderate height, straight or curved, mode-
rately compressed, and having an encrusting base.

Costffi evenly scabrous or hnely granular-echinulate, distinct only near the calicular
margin and soon becoming hidden by epitheca.

Calicle much filled by crowded septa and oali and by a large columella of crowded
pinnacles : all these structures — septa, pali, and columella-pinnacles — have a sort of crys-
talline appearance, being covered with close wavy lines of confluent or semi-confluent granules.

The mouth of the calicle is elliptical, and the major axis is on a very slightly lower
plane than the minor.

Septa thick, very close-set, in six systems of four cycles with a few of a fifth cycle in some of the
half-systems. All are moderately exsert, those of the lowest cycle a little less so than those of the others.

Pali thick, up-standing, close-set, either prismatic or sublaminar, in two crowns, very sharply
delimited from the septa, and in most places, but not everywhere, fairly well delimited from
the columella. Those opposite to the first two cycles of septa are simple, but those opposite
to the septa of the third cycle are very deeply cleft into two (sometimes into three) lobes.

Columella large, elliptical, slightly convex, not deep-set, consisting of a dense crowd of
discrete pinnacles which are prismatic by mutual compression.

19

Corallum white : the soft parts, in spirit, are also whitish.

In the type specimen the greatest height of the corallum is 28 millim.. the major dia-
meter of the calicle 19.5 millim., and the minor diameter of the calicle 15 millim.

XI. Deltocyathus Edw. & IL, Duncan.
Four species of this genus are represented in the collection, including a magnificent
specimen of D. magnificus.

Synopsis of the Siboga species of Deltocyathus.

I. Septa in six systems and four complete cycles :

1. Corallum discoid or saucer-shaped : conspicuous pali before the septa

of the first three cycles \. D. italicus.

2. Corallum onion-shaped, the pali before the secondary septa alone are

distinct 2. D. lens.

II. Septa in six systems and five complete cycles:

1. Corallum discoid, dense septa echinulate 3. D. magnificus.

2. Corallum saucer-shaped, thin and fragile : septa non-echinulate. ... 4. D. fragihs.

20. DcltoeyalJius italicus (Michelotti) Edw. & H.

Deltocyathus italicus Milne Edwards et Haime. Annales des Sciences Naturelles, 3 ser., Zool.
IX, 1848, p. 326, pi. X. fig. 11, and Hist. Nat. des Coralliaires II, 56: Pourtalès, Bulletin
of the Museum of Comp. Zool. Vol. VI, 1879—80, p. 101, pi. I, figs. 1- 8. Moseley,
Challenger Deep-Sea Madreporaria, p. 145. Jourdan, Hirondelle Zoanthaires (Monaco, 1895)
p. 16, pi. I. figs. \\a — d.

Deltocyathus agassizii Pourtalès, Buil. Mus. Comp. Zool. Vol. I, 1863 — 69, p. 113, and
Vol. V, 1878 — 79, p. 200 ; and Illustrated Catalogue of the Museum of Comp. Zool. N° IV,
1871, p. 15, pi. II. figs. 1—5 and pi. V. figs. 9— 10, and N° VIII, 1874, p. 35, pi. VI.
fig. 11. Lindström, K. Svenska Vetenskaps-Akad. Handl. Bd. XIV, 1S76, N° 6, p. 10,
pi. I & II, fig. 13 — 20.

Stat. 45. 70 24' S., ii8°I5'.2E. 794 m. 1 Ex.

Stat. 95. 5°43'.5X., ii9°4o' E. 522 m. 1 Ex.

Stat. 100. 6° 11'. N., i2o°37'.5E. 450 m. 2 Ex.

Stat. 251. 5°28'.4S., 1320 o'. 2 E. 204 m. 1 Ex.

I do not from the description and figures appreciate the distinction between this species
and D. ornatus Gardiner. (On the Solitary Corals collected by Dr. A. Willey : Willey's
Zoological Results part. II, p. 163).

Distribution. Atlantic (West Indies and neighbouring coast of America, Bermuda, Azores
and E. Atlantic), East Indian Archipelago (" Challenger1 ' and "Siboga"), South Pacific. Miocene
of Northern Italy.

21. Dcltocyatlius lens n. sp. Plate II. Fig. 16, \ba.

Stat. 59. io°22'.7S., I23°i6'.5E. 390 m. 2 Ex.

Stat. 95. 5°43'-5 N., U9°4o' E. 522 m. 3 Ex., dead.

Stat. 256. 5°26'.6S., i32°32'.5E. 397 m. 1 Ex.

Stat. 275. 4°52'.5S., i2S°37' E. 4914 m. 3 Ex.

Corallum onion-shaped or lentiform. Costa? all ecpial and all distinct from calicle to
base, sharply salient and elegantly serrulate.

20

Septa elegantly echinulate, in six regular systems and four complete cycles : the primaries
which are the largest and most exsert, reach the columella ; the quaternaries unite with the
tertiaries near the calicular margin, and the tertiaries with the secondaries near the columella.

At first sight the pali seem to be in a single crown situated opposite the secondary
septa, but broad paliform lobes are also present opposite the tertiaries at the point where the
quaternaries unite with them. The pali opposite the primaries are small denticles not distin-
guishable from the columella.

The columella consist of eight or ten denticles including those opposite the primary
septa, which perhaps are pali.

Height of corallum 3 millim.
Diameter of disk 5 „

22. Deltocyathus magnificus Moseley.

Deltocyathus magnificus Moseley, Proceedings of the Royal Society, 1876, p. 662, and Challenger
Deep Sea Madreporaria, p. 147, pi. IV. üg. 10, pi. XIII. figs. 1, 2.

Stat. 95. 5°43'.5N., iiq°4o' E. 522 m. 5 Ex.

[Stat. 96. S. E. Side of Pearl Bank, Sulu Archipelago 15 m. 7 Ex.]
Stat. 166? 2°28'.5 S., 1 3 1 ° 3'. 3 E. 118 m. 1 Ex.

The specimen from Station 166? is a magnificent one, perfect, and over 28 millim. in
diameter. Those from Station 95 are dead, broken, and discoloured. Also from Station 45
(7 24'S., 1 180 1 5'. 2 E., 794 m.) are some fragments that possibly belong to this species.

Distribution. East Indian Archipelago.

22a Deltocyathus magnificus var. sitlucnsis nov.

Stat. 95. 5°43'.5 N., U9°4o' E. 522 m. 2 dead Ex.
Stat. 100. 6°ii' N., I20°37'.5E. 450 m. 4 dead Ex.

These six specimens resemble the typical Deltocyathus magnificus in everything except
that the septa of the fifth cycle, instead of uniting with one another over those of the fourth,
are either free in all their extent or merel j' touch those of the fourth.

Corallum discoidal. The horizontal wall is costate, the costae being all of one size and
radiating from a central scar.

The septa are in six regular systems and five complete cycles, those of the last cycle
being lower and very much thinner than those of the other four which, in the largest specimen,
are of nearly equal size, so that the septa are alternately large and small. All the septa are
about equally exsert at the edge of the disk.

The septa of the first cycle are independent throughout their course to the columella :
those of the fourth cycle unite over and with those of the third, and those of the third unite
over and with those of the second. At all these points of union there are paliform thickenings,
and smaller paliform nodules are present at the ends of the primary septa. The septa are
much worn but were evidently echinulate.

The columella is a spreading, encrusting, spongy mass.

The diameter of the largest specimen is about 14.5 millim.

21

Though at first sight the specimens which constitute this variety seem emphatically
different from Moseley's Deltocyathus magnificus, yet a careful examination gives convincing
evidence that the difference is quite superficial.

23. Deltocyathus fragilis n. sp. Plate II. Fig. 15, 15a.

Stat. 45. 7° 24' S., n8°is'.2E. 794 m. 6 Ex.

Corallum saucer-shaped, of a thin vitreous texture, its margin rather raggedly scallopped
by the slightly exsert septa and costs.

The costre are fine trenchant ridges ; those of the first three cycles radiate from the
centre to the circumference, but those of the lower cycles do not reach the centre.

The septa are in six regular systems and five complete cycles ; they are extremely thin
and are not in the least echinulate; those of the fourth cycle unite with each other over those
of the third cycle some distance from the columella, and those of the fifth cycle curl in and
unite with those of the fourth still further back. The union of the quinaries with the quater-
naries is discontinuous, so as to give an appearance of synapticula;.

Thin, irregular, and ragged pali are present before all the septa except those of the
last cycle.

Columella of good size, of a delicate reticular and encrusting texture.

From all other species of DcltocyatJius this is distinguished by its delicate, brittle, vitreous
texture, and thin non-echinulate septa. In form and texture, and in the synapticula-like union
of the quinary with the quaternary septa, it resembles Trochocyatlius rotulus mihi.

The corallum of the largest specimen is 17 millim. in diameter.

XII. Citharocyathus, n. gen.

Corallum simple, cylindro-conical, free without any tracé of early adhesion, naked.
Costre denticulate. Columella fasciculate, well developed.

There is a single crown of pali, and each palus is formed by the V-shaped union of
processes from the septa of the third cycle in tront of those of the second cycle.

This genus comes nearest to Deltocyathus, from which it differs (1) in the elongate
cylindro-conical shape of the corallum, and (2) in the form of the pali, which are very con-
spicuous Y-shaped structures forming a single very regular crown.

It also seems to be very closely related to Nototrochus Duncan (= Notocyathus Tenison-
Woods) from which it differs (1) in its cylindro-conical form, (2) in the presence of a fasciculate
columella, and (3) in the absence of any paliform lobes opposite the septa of the first cycle.

From Conocyathus d'Orbigny, which it also strongly resembles, it differs in having a
well developed columella.

The two species which form the genus Citharocyathus have a striking resemblance to
Turbinolia. They also resemble the Conocyathus zelandia described and figured by Martin
Duncan in the Proceedings of the Zoological Society for 1876, p. 431, pi. XXXYIII fig. 1 — 3.

24- Citkarocyathus conicus n. s. Plate III. fig. 18, 18a.

Stat. 95. 5°43'.5 N., ii9°4o'E. 522 m. 2 Ex.

Corallum free, straight, moderately elongate, very elegantly cylindro-conical, ending in a point.

Costa? continuous from the pointed base to the circular mouth, broad and close-set but
very deep-cut, crisply granular and denticulate, all of one size. Those corresponding with the
primary septa are independent throughout their course, but those corresponding with the septa
of lower orders are united in a series of figures like the Greek letter di, by successive bifurcations.

Calicular margin nearly circular. The calicle though deep is much filled up by the septa etc.

Septa elegantly and copiously denticulate, slightly exsert, arranged very regularly in six
systems and four cycles. Those of the first cycle, which are somewhat the largest, are inde-
pendent and ma)- unite with the small columella. Those of the third cycle though not quite
so high as those of the second cycle are larger than the latter (secondaries) and meet in front
of them (secondaries) so as to exclude them from the columella. The point of union of the
tertiary septa is very conspicuously marked by a large, high, V-shaped paliform lobe.

These six V-shaped pali, formed by the union of processes of the tertiary septa, but
standing opposite the septa of the second order, are the only pali present. Like the septa they
are echinulate.

The septa of the fourth cycle, though much smaller and somewhat less exsert than
the others, descend deep into the calicle.

The columella consists of two or three contorted granular processes fused together :
superficially it unites with the bases of the six upstanding pali, and much deeper down it may
unite with the six primary septa.

Height of the corallum 8 millim. Diameter of the calicular orifice 6. 5 to 7 millim.

25. CitharocyatJuis venustus, n. sp. Plate III, fig. 19, 19^7.

Stat. 59. io°22'.7S. 123 16'. 5 E. 390 m. 4 Ex.

This species is essentially similar to Citkarocyathus conicus, but differs from it in several
particulars which are quite independent of age.
These particulars are as follows.

(1) The cylindro-conical corallum is slenderer and considerably more elongate.

(2) The septa of the first three cycles are strongly exsert, in striking contrast to those
of C. conicus. (Those of the first cycle are the most exsert and those of the third cycle the least so).

(3) Though the septa are by 110 means smooth, they are much less conspicuously denticulate.
The height of the largest of the 4 specimens is 10.5 millim., and the diameter of its

calicular orifice is 6 millim.

Some fragments from Station 159, 411 metres, which I was at first inclined to refer
to the genus ConocyatJms, probably belong to this or . to the preceding species.

'o

XIII. Odontocyathus Moseley.

Odontocyathus Moseley, Challenger Deep Sea Madreporaria p. 14.S.

There are ihree dead and broken specimens in the collection which are referable to this
genus rather than to Stephanotrochus.

Synopsis of the Siboga species of Odontocyathus.

I. Corallum ;i bowl standing on legs formed by the six primary costa;:

i. Septa strongly exsert, edge of bowl deeply scallopped i. O. sexradiis.

2. Septa little exsert, edge of bowl not scalloped 2. Odontocyathus sp.

II. Corallum perfectly flat, converted into a star by the six large horizontal

septa and costaa of the first cycle 3-0. stellet.

26. Odontocyathus sexradiis n. sp. Plate III. Fig. 20, 20a — 6.

Stat. 156. o°2q'.2S., i30°5'.3E. 469 m. 1 Ex.

The corallum is bowl-shaped, with the edges very deeply scallopped between the enor-
mously exsert primary septa, and is supported on six long, strong, solid, smooth, radiating
legs, which correspond in situation with the primary septa.

The costs are but little more than ridges markeel only on the sides of the bowl, not
on the base where there is a smooth mammillar scar.

The septa are in six systems and five cycles, with a sixth cycle developed in some of
the quarter-systems. Those of the first cycle are the largest and and far the most exsert, and
they carry up with them those of the inferior cycles lying immediately on either side of them,
which therefore are more exsert than all the other septa of the same and higher cycles below
the first. The septa of the fourth cycle unite with those of the thircl some way before the
latter reach the columella.

Pali are present, in three crowns, opposite the first three cycles of septa, and in those
half-systems in which a sixth cycle of septa is partially developed there are also pali opposite
the fourth cycle. The pali of the innermost crown are the smallest, and those of the outermost
crown are the largest.

There is an abundant fasciculate or radiculate columella, with which the first three
cycles of septa unite.

Major diameter of calicle 43 millim.

Minor , „ „ 34

Greatest height, to summit of the exsert primary septa 28 „
Least height, in interval between two primary septa .18 „

Length of rootlets over 20 „

This species is evidently very closely related to Stephanotrochus Tatei Dennant, from
the South Australian Tertiaries (Trans. Roy. Soc. S. Australia XXIII. 1898 — 99, p. 117,
PI. III. Figs. ia—c).

?4
2 7- Odontocyaihus ? sp.

Stat. 262. 5°53'.8S., i32°4S'.8E. 560 m. 1 Ex.

This is a small dead and damaged specimen, which may possibly be the young form

of the previous species. It has six small roots, one of which has got out of place. The septa
are little exsert, so that the edge of the bowl is not scallopped.

28. Odontocyaihus stella n. sp. Plate III., fig. 21, 2 ia — 1>.

Stat. 159. 0° 59/1 S. I29°48.'8E. 411 m. 1 Ex. dead and broken.

This species, like Odontocyaihus sexradüs, has a very close resemblance to Stephano-
trochus latei Dennant. It is, however, even flatter than 5. tatei and has fewer septa, while the
combined septa and costae of the first cycle besides being more prominent and exsert are horizontal.

Corallum flat, star-shaped owing to the remarkable extension outwards of the large and
strong costse and septa of the first cycle.

The basal wall is covered with fine discrete granules. There is a central scar of attach-
ment, from which six strong costae radiate horizontally like the spokes of a wheel. Costae
corresponding to the lovver cycles of septa exist only near the edge of the hexagonal disk.

The septa are in six regular systems and four cycles, with traces of a fifth. Those of
the first cycle are the highest and largest, and with the corresponding costae form the great
compressed spokes or rays which, projecting far beyond the edge of the disk, form the cha-
racteristic feature of this species. Those of the 2nd and 3vd cycles are about equal to one another
and unite near the columella. Those of the 4"1 cycle are free, and do not reach the columella.

The edges of all the septa are ragged and their surface is echinulate ; and as the
margin oi the hexagonal disk is somewhat concave between the great ray-like primary septa,
the septa of the 2nd cycle are the least exsert of all but the quaternaries that lie immediately
on either side of them.

Ragged paliform teeth are present in front of all the septa except those of the last (fourth) cycle.

The columella consists of a tortuous network of criply granular processes.

Maximum diameter of disk 12 millim. ; span of corallum between the tips of opposite
spokes 21 millim.

XIV. Stephanotrochus Moseley.
Stephanotr ochus Moseley, Challenger Deep Sea Madreporaria, p. 151.

This genus is represented in the collection by 4 specimens, two of which are deacl and
broken coralla which can not be exactly determined, though the)- possibly belong to 5. weberianus.

Synopsis of the Siboga species of Stephanotrochus.

I. There are 12 large and strongly exsert septa, and the septa of the inferior

cycle immediately on either side of them are themselves remarkably exsert. 1. 5. weberianus.
II. There are 21 large and much exsert septa, and the septa of the inferior cycle

immediately on either side of them are not more exsert than the others. 2. 5. Sibogce.

25

2g. Stephanotrochus weberianus n. sp. Plate III. Fig. 22, 220.
Stat. 284. 8 43'.! S., i2/°i6'.7E. 82S m. 1 Ex.

Corallum bowl-shaped, with a strong bulge and thickening where the sidewall joins
the base.

The base. which is covered with a dull epitheca, has a central wart-like scar from
which costa; radlate, the costoe of the first two cycles being distinct but not prominent ridges
while those of the lower cycles are fine strioe.

On the sidewall the costse, which are all granular and of equal size, gradually become
more and more distinct as they approach the calicular margin.

The calicular fossa is circular, deep, and capacious.

The septa appear to be regular, but are, in fact, very irregular owing to the occasional
absence from some of the half-systems of those of the fifth cycle. The primaries and secondaries
(twelve in number) are large and conspicuously exsert above all the others ; they send up a smal 1,
oranular, slightly-inflated, sinuous paliform process which is not really distinguishable from the
columella. Those of the third cycle are smaller and much less exsert than their predecessors ;
they send off a large triangular paliform lobe long before they join the columella and in the
systems in which five cycles are developed those of the fourth cycle resemble those of the
third. Those of the fifth cycle (and of the fourth cycle in the few half-systems in which a fifth
cvcle is not developed) do not join the columella, but they descend deep into the calicle and
become irregularly serrated near their termination. The septa of the inferior cycle which stand
immediately on either side of the exsert primaries and secondaries are themselves strongly
exsert. The septa have a "dead-polished" appearance, but under the lens they are finely
striated in granular fashion.

The columella consists of a few granular and somewhat contorted knobs, mingled with
the slightly inflated paliform processes in which the primary and secondary septa terminate.
Greatest height from basal scar to summit .of the most exsert septa about 25 millim.
Diameter of calicle „ 37 »

30. Stephanotrochus Sibogcv n. sp. Plate III. Fig. 23, 23a.
Stat. 88. o°34'6N., 1190 S'.j E. 1301 m. 1 Ex.

Corallum bowl-shaped, without any bulge where the sidewall meets the base.

The base, which is covered with a thick, dead. deeply-discoloured epitheca, has a central
scar from which radiate sixteen great, thick, coarse costae; in the furrows between these large
costse some faint discontinuous striae are sometimes seen.

On the lower part of the sidewall costae are indistinct, but in the upper two-thirds there
are well-cut, granular, subequal costae corresponding to all the cycles of septa.

The calicular fossa is circular, deep, and capacious.

The septa are in six systems and five cycles with a very irregular development of the
fifth cycle. In the unique specimen there are 74 septa, of which 21 are larger and more

SIBOGA-EXPEDITIE XVI tl. 4

26

exsert than the others and dividé the calice into 2 1 compartments ; of these 2 1 compartments
16 contain three smaller septa each, and 5 contain only one smaller septum.

The 2 1 large exsert septa merge with the columella, but just before they do so they
are notched, so that at their junction with the columella there is a sort of low paliform
thickening — sinuous and very indistinctly paliform.

Of the 53 smaller septa, the middle one in each group of three gives off, very low clown
in the calicle, a bold paliform lobe, and then either runs on to the columella or joins one of
the larger septa; while the remaining 37, which are narrow, end on the wall of the calicle.

The columella, which though low is very large and singularly compact, is made up
almost entirely of the thickened granular contorted impacted ends of the 2 1 large septa, with
but little assistance from the 1 6 septa of the next degree.

Greatest height of corallum to the summit of the most exsert septa about 25 millim.
Diameter of calicle „ 37 „

Stephanotrochus sp.

Stat. 173. 30 27' S., 1 3 1° o'. 5 E. 567 m. 1 Ex.
Stat. 284. 8°43'.i S., i27°i6'.7E. 828 m. 1 Ex.

I do not number these specimens, as I believe them to be only dead and broken
coralla of S. weberianus. Though they are shallower than the type specimen they have the
same number (twelve) of large septa, and the same bulge or thickening where the sidewall
joins the base of the corallum.

XV. Sabinotrochus Duncan.

Sabinotrochus Duncan, Transactions of the Zoological Society of London, VIII, 1874, p. 320
(1871), and Journal of the Linnean Society, Zoology, XVIII, 1885, p. 29.

Two small dead coralla, which I was at fïrst inclined to refer to Flabellum, near
F. angulare Moseley, seem to be, perhaps, referable to this genus.

31. ? Sabinotrochus jlatiliseptis n. sp. Plate IV. Fig. 24. 24CT.

Stat. 211. 5°4o'.7S., i20°45'.5 E. 1158111. 1 Ex.

Corallum saucer-shaped, with a pedicled scar of attachment, whence radiate costse,
which, as well as the furrows between them, are covered with "oolitic" granules.

Septa in six systems and three cycles with some traces of a fourth. Those of the first
two cycles are large and are remarkably inflated and granular in the middle of the shallow
calicle, where they meet to form an umbilicated columella. Those of the third cycle sometimes
join those of the second, but more often they end about midway between the centre and the
circumference of the calicle.

Height of corallum about 5 millim.
Diameter of calicle 1 1

52. ? Sabinotrochus bipatella n. sp. Plate IV. Fig. 25, 25a.

Stat. 52. 9°3'.4S., [I9°56'.7E. 959 m. 1 Ex.

Corallum discoidal, with a scar of attachment ; granular costae are present, bul are
distinct only in the peripheral half of the disk.

Septa in six systems and three cycles, with traces of a fourth. Those of the first cycle
are the largest and stoutest. Those of the first two cycles unite to form a thin undermined
disk-like columella, which half fills the shallow calicular fossa. Those of the third cycle do nol
unite with those of the second, though they tend to curve towards them ; they do not usually
reach the columella.

Heieht of corallum about 2 millim.
Diameter of disk „ 8 „

XVI. Discotrochus Edw. & H., Duncan.

The collection contains clead coralla of two species one of which is undoubtedly, the
other doubtfully, referable to this genus.

33. Discotrochus dentatus n. sp. Plate IV. Fig. 26, 26a.

Stat. 95. 5°43'-5 N., ii9°4o' E. 522 m. 4 Ex.
Stat. 98. 6° 9' N., I20°2i' E. 350 m. 3 Ex.
Stat. 100. 6° 11' N., i20°3/'.5E. 459 m. 1 Ex.

Nearly related to D. investigatoris mihi (Journ. Asiatic Soc. Bengal, LXII, pt. 2, 1893,
p. 142, PI. V, Fig. 5, 5a) from which it differs in having the septa less crowded though
more numerous.

Corallum quite flat and discoidal, of thick coarse texture. On the horizontal base is a
faint scar of attachment from which numerous equal well-cut costae radiate.

Septa hardly exsert beyond the thick peripheral margin, in six systems and five cycles,
the fifth cycle being incomplete in a few of the half-systems. The septa of the fifth cycle are
thin, but those of all the other cycles are coarse and have their edges deeply and coarsely
serrated throughout. Though the septa of the first cycle are distinctly the largest, those of the
second and even of the third cycle are not very much smaller. There is no union of septa,
except at the columella, where those of the first three cycles, and usually of the fourth cycle
also, meet.

The columella, which is small and fascicular and consists of little but the united ends
of the septa, is studded with a few coarse subprismatic granules.

The diameter of the disk of the largest specimen is 19 millim.

34. ? Discotrochus sp.

Stat. 95. 5°43'.5 N., 11 9° 40' E. 522 m. 2 Ex.
This is a little clead and eroded corallum, and cannot be accurately placed. It is solid,

2S

thick, quïte flat and disk-like, but has, radiating from its margin, six or eight short stout sharp
spokes like those of Odontocyathus . There is a large reticulate and encrusting columella, and the
septa, which are in four cycles of which the last is incomplete, appear to have been coarsely
serrated. There are no signs of pali.

XVII. Desmophyllum Ehrenberg, E. & H., Duncan.

Three species are found in the Siboga collection, one of them being very young and
therefore not specifically recognizable. Of the other two, one is the well known D. crista-galli,
and the other is a new species characterized by the obscurity of the lower cycles of septa which
are buried deep in the calicle.

35. Desmophyllum crista-galli Edw. & H.

Desmophyllum crista-galli Milne Edwards & Haime, Ann. Sci. Nat., Zool., (3), IX, 184S, p.
253, pi. VII, fig. 10 ; and Hist. Nat. Corall., II, p. 76: Saville Kent, Ann. Mag. Nat.
Hist, (4), VI, 1870, p. 459 (= D. Rusci Duch. & Mich.): Martin Duncan, Trans. Zool.
Soc, VIII, 1874, p. 321, pi. XLI, figs. 10 — 15 (= D. cumingi E. & H. and D. costatum E.
& H.): Pourtalès, Buil. Mus. Comp. Zool., V, 1878 — 79, p. 203 (= D. reflexum Duch. &
Mich. and D. Rusci Duch. & Mich.).

Stat. 259. 5°29'.2S., i32°52'.5E. 487. m. 2 Ex., dead.

Two dead specimens, one young, the other fullgrown, both with the exsert portions of
the septa somewhat broken, are certainly this species.

Distribution. Atlantic, Mediterranean, Indo-Pacific, and Tertiary deposits of Italy.

36. Desmophyllum sp.

Stat. 95. 5°43'.5 S., ii9°40'. E. 522. M. 1 Ex.

This is a very young specimen and cannot be identified with any certainty : it cannot
be referred to the next species with which it was associated in life.

37. Desmophyllum alabastrum n. sp. Plate IV. Fig. 27, 2 7<?.

Stat. 95. 5°43'.5N., ii9°4o'E. 522 m. 1 Ex.
Stat. 105. 6° 8' N., 1210 19' E. 275 m. 1 Ex.

Corallum elongate-goblet-shaped, nearly straight, little compressecl, with a stout cylin-
drical peduncle and an encrusting base.

There are no costa;, but wavy transverse growth-lines are visible in places.

Septa thin, finely granular, in six regular systems and four cycles ; but as the septa of
the two inferior cycles are very fine and narrow and occur only in the depths of the calice
and do not reach anywhere near the calicular margin, there appear to be, at first sight, only
two cycles of septa. The septa of the second cycle are narrow, but they extend up to the
calicular margin, though they are narrower there than they are in the clepths of the fossa.

Those of the first cycle alone are large and conspicuous; they are a little exsert, a little
unequal in size, and they descend straight to the very bottom of the cup, where they meet.
Corallum snow-white, the pedicle with a faint cinnamon-brown suffusion.

Greatest heigfht of corallum iS millim.
Major diameter of calicle 8 „

Minor „ „ 7 • »

The characteristic feature of the corallum of this species is the burial of the septa of
the 3rd and 4!h cyclcs in the depths of the cup where at first they escape notice. lts nearest
relative seems to be D. simplex Verrill (American Journal of Science and Arts, 1870, p. 371)
from the West Indies.

XVIII. Flabellum Lesson, E. & H., Duncan.

The identification of the species of this genus presents difficulties which, in the absence
of actual types for comparison, are insuperable ; tor many of the species are not only highly
variable, but they also undergo radical changes of form in the course of growth, these changes
affecting the shape of the corallum, the form and size of the columella, and the number of the
septa. Xo one can be more dissatisfied than I am myself with the present attempt to determine
the large number of forms collected by the "Siboga".

Synopsis of the Siboga Deep-sca species of Flabellum.

Corallum free or becoming so: —

I. Corallum shaped like a fully-open fan : —

1. Septa in six or more cycles: —

I. The larger septa form 48 compartments each of which
contains 3 smaller septa: the circumference of the

corallum is less than a semicircle \. F. distinctum.

II. The larger septa form 48 compartments each of which
contains 7 smaller septa: the circumference of the
corallum is much more than a semicircle . ... 2. F. lamellulosum. .

2. Septa in 5 cycles, the last cycle incomplete : lip of calicle

jagged 3. F. laciniatum var.

II. Corallum shaped like a nearly-open fan: septa in 5 complete cycles:

lip of calicle jagged 4. F. suluense.

III. Corallum either a half-open fan, or a compressed conc : —

1. Septa in six or more cycles: —

I. Lateral costaï sharp or jagged 5. F. australe.

II. No lateral costa; 6. F. latnm.

2. Septa in fïve cycles, the fifth cycle incomplete; lateral costa?

sometimes spinose 7. F. irregulare.

3. Septa in four cycles : no lateral costae 8. F. dens.

IV. Corallum an open oval cup: septa in five cycles, with the inferior

cycles incomplete 9. F. japonicum.

3°

38. Fl abel In ui distinctum Edw. & H.

Flabellum distinctum Milne Edwards et Haime, Ann. Sci. Nat., 3 ser., Zool., IX, 1848,13.262,
and Hist. Nat. Corall. II, 80. Duncan, Trans. Zool. Soa, London, VIII, 1S74, p. 322,
pi. XXXIX. figs. 1 — 13. Wyville Thomson, Depths of the Sea, pp. 431, 432. Jourdan,
Hirondelle Zoanthaires (Monaco) 1895, p. 26, pi. II. figs. 12, 13.

Flabellum patens Moseley, Challenger Deep Sea Madreporaria, p. 172, pi. VI. figs. 4a, $a.

Stat. 12. 70 15 S., ii5°is'.6E. 289 m. 2 Ex.

[Stat. 51. Madura Bay & Molo-Strait. 69 — 91 m. 4 Ex.]
[Stat. 166. 2°28'.5S., 1310 3'.3 E. 118 m. 1 Ex.]

The two dead coralla from Station 1 2 are almost certainly this species, but I am not
quite so confident about the other specimens.

Distribution. E. Atlantic (Azores and coast of Portugal), East Indian Archipelago and
Japan : fossil in the Miocene of Southern Europe.

39. Flabellum lamellulosum n. sp. Plate IV. Fig. 28, 28^ — b.

Stat. 251. 5°28'.4S., i32°o'.2E. 204 m. 1 Ex.

Corallum snow-white, of excessively thin and translucent texture, shaped like a widely-
stretched fan, its circumference being equal to about 285 degrees of a circle. There is a slender
short pedicle, and the lateral costae, which arch outwards and downwards, are sharp and finely
and irregularly jagged. The two faces of the corallum are slightly concave and moderately
everted, are traversed by faint radiating costse, and are ver)- faintly marked with fine wavy
transverse accretion-lines.

The septa, which are very thin, are in the unique specimen 336 in number. Forty-eight
large ones of equal size divide the calicle into 48 compartments each of which contains 7
smaller septa of diminishing size. Of these 7 septa the largest one (fifth cycle) does not descend
quite to the level of the columella, the two next largest (sixth cycle) do not descend quite
half-way down the calicular wall, and the four smallest (incomplete seventh cycle) are very
short. The surfaces of the septa are finely, sharply, and somewhat sparsely granular, and their
edges as they descend in the calicle become sinuous, especially in the case of the larger septa.

The columella, which is deep-seated and narrow, is formed by small trabecula; from the
48 large septa of the first four cycles.

Greatest height of corallum 39 millim.

Maximum diameter of corallum 47 „

This species is, evidently, nearly related to F. pavoninum, but the corallum forms an
arch of more than three quarters of a circle and the septa are nearly twice as numerous.

40. Flabellum australe Moseley.

Flabellum australe Moseley, Challenger Deep Sea Madreporaria, p. 173, pi. VII. figs. ^a. $a, b.
Stat. 251. 5°28'.4S., i32°o'.2E. 204 m. 1 Ex.

This species, which is otherwise not different from /•'. distincfoim, is distinguished by
the density and weight i>f tin- corallum and by the more than usual cutting away of the septa
near the calicular margin. Under the thin film of living tissue which covers the outer surface
of the thecal wall in the neighbourhood of the calicular margin a Polychaete is embedded, in
the single "Siboga" specimen.

Distribution. Off South-east coast of Australia ; Arafura Sea.

Flabellum sp.

Stat. 38. 7°35-.4S., ii/°2S'.6E. 521 m. 1 Ex.
Stat. 316. 7° 19.4 S., il 6° 49'. 5 E. 538 m. 1 Ex.

These two specimens, although preserved with the living tissues, are not iclentifiable,
owing to irregularity of growth due to uneven repair after damage. Their coralla have the
density and weight of F. australe. In other respects they resemble F. paripavoninum mihi,
from the depths off the Laccadives.

4 1 . Flabellum latuw Studer.

Flabellum latum Studer. Monatsber. d. Kngl. Preussischen Akad. der Wissenschaft, zu Berlin
(1877) 1878, p. 630, Taf. I. Fig. 3«— b.

Stat. 105. 6°8'N., 1210 19' E. 275 m. 1 Ex.
Distribution. South Pacific, off New Zeeland ; Sulu Sea.

42. Flabellum laciniatum, Phil. var. messum.

Flabellum laciniatum var. Alcock. Investigator Deep Sea Madreporaria, p. 23.

Stat. 45. 70 24' S., n8°i5'.2E. 794 m. 3 Ex.
Stat. 284. 8°43'.iS., i27°i6'.7E. 828 m. t Ex.
Stat. 314. 70 36' S., H7°3o'.8E. 694 m. 1 Ex.

This variety resembles a F. laciniatum in everything except that the ten large sej)ta
of the first two cycles that occupy the faces of the thecal wall are only moderately exsert,
instead of forming deep-cut petaloid lobes. It thus looks like a F. laciniatum of which the
petaloid lobes of the calicular margin have been chipped away. As in F. alabastrum Mosely
the sides of the corallum are more or less pinched in near the middle.

43. Flabellum suluense n. sp. Plate IV. Fig. 29, 29^ — b.

Stat. 100. 6°n'N., 1200 37'. s E. 450 m. 1 Ex. dead.

Corallum compressed, shaped like a nearly full-spread fan, the margin of the calicle

being a little less than a semicircle, the ends being concave, and the faces flat. Remains of

a pedicle of attachment are present. The costae are mere strise : the margin of the calicle is
rather finely jagged.

The septa are in six systems and five complete cycles ; their surfaces have the usual
rows of discrete granules. Those of the first three cycles are equal and alone form the colu-
mella ; their vertical margins are very strongly sinuous. Those of the fourth cycle descend as
low as the columella, but do not join it. Those of the fifth cycle do not descend halfway down
the calicular wall.

Colour pale cinnamon, somewhat streaky.

Height of corallum 15 millim.; major diameter of month of calicle 23 millim., minor
diameter 10 millim.

This species, though its texture is much coarser and denser, seems to have its nearest
relative in F. laciniatum var. messum.

44. Flabellum ? irregulare Semper.

Flabellum irregulare Semper. Zeitschrift f. wiss. Zool. Bd. XXII, 1872, p. 242, pi. XVI.

fig- 7— !/•

Stat. 253. 5°4S'.2S., I32°i3' E. 304 m. 1 Ex.
[Stat. 491. 8°23'.5S., 1 19° 4.6 E. 69 in. 2 Ex.]

45. Flabellum deus n. sp. Plate IV. Fig. 30, 30*7.

Stat. 95. 5°43'5 N. U9°40'E. 522 m. 9 Ex.

Corallum elongate, narrowly conical, strongly compressed, without costae of any kind,
but with very faint transverse growth-rings. The major axis of the calicular orifice, which is
as 125 is to 50, is on a very slightly lower plane than the minor.

Calicular fossa very deep. Septa stout and strongly crimped ; those of the first three
cycles are equal, and unite to form the columella, those of the fourth cycle are about half the
depth of those of the first three cycles, while those of the fifth cycle are present in onlv a
few half-systems : consequently the usual arrangement of the septa is a large one alternating
with a small one.

Height of corallum 16 millim.

Major diameter of calicle 12.5 „

Minor „ „ 5

This species appears to be very nearly related to F. transversale Moseley (Challenger,
Deep-Sea Madreporaria, p. 1 74, PI. VI, Fig. 6). Another species to which it is closely relatecl
is F. fastigatuiu Dennant (Trans and Proc. Roy. Soc. S. Australia, XXIII. 1S98 — 99, p. 113,
PI. II, Fig. ia — 6) from the Tertiaries of Victoria.

46. Flabellum japonicum Moseley.

Flabellum japonicum Moseley. Challenger Deep Sea Madreporaria, p. 168, pi. VII. fig. 3»,
pi. XVI. fig. 12. Marenzeller. Zool. Jahrbucher, Syst. Abth. III, 1888, p. 45. — Alcock,
Investigator Ueep Sea Madreporaria, p. 23.

Stat. ij. /°28'.5S., ii 5° 28' E. 1060 m. 1 Ex.
Stat. 18. 7°28'.2S., ii5°24'.6E. 1018 m. 7 Ex.
Stat. 212. 50 54.5 S., I20°I9'.2E. 462 m. 1 Ex.

In none of these specimens are the costae so prominent as they are in specimens from
Indian Seas.

The specimen from Station 212 is singular in having the corallum elongate and com-
pressed. with the lateral costae sharp and almost cristiform, and the septa increased innumber;
it. however, has all the look F. japonicum from which I am not inclined to separate it.

Distribution. Off Japan, Java Sea, Bay of Bengal and Arabian Sea.

XIX. Placotrochus Edw. & H., Duncan.

47. Placotrochus Candeanus Edw. & H.

Placotrochus Candeanus Milne Edwards et Haime. Ann. Sci. Xat. Zool. 3 sér. IX, 1848,
p. 283, and Hist. Xat. Corall. II, 99.

Stat. 12. 7°I5'S., H5°I5'.6E. 289 m. 1 Ex.

Distribution. China Sea, Java Sea.

XX. Placotrochides n. gen.

Two small dead and somewhat broken coralla of the "Siboga" collection might be
referred to Placotrochus E. & H., but for the presence of a large fascicular columella almost
as abundant as that of Caryophyllia. From Platytrochus E. & H. they are separated by the
absence of the characteristic lateral costse, and by a certain, apparently normal, irregularity
of growth.

Corallum simple, compressed, free (or attached ?), indistinctly costate. A pellicular epitheca
may be present. Columella essential, elongate, ancl fascicular. Septa little exsert. Xo pali.

4S. Placotrochides dcutiformis n. sp. Plate IV. Fig. 31, $\a.
Stat. 59. io°22'.7S., 123° 16'. 5 E. 390 m. 1 Ex. dead.

Corallum free, simple, compressed, acutely wedge-shaped, fairly elongate, curved in the
plane of the major axis apparently in consequence of increased growth at one end.

The costse, which correspond in number with the septa, are almost worn away, but
appear to have been low, broad, and equal — except that 01/c of the lateral costae seems to
have been more prominent than any of the others.

The calicular orilïce is ovate, not regularly elliptical : the axial diameters are as 3:2,
and the major axis is on a slightly lower plane than the minor.

The septa, which are coarse, are in six systems and three cycles with a fourth cycle in
a few of the half-systems. Those of the lïrst two cycles are the largest and reach the columella,

SIBOGA-EXPEDITIE XVI O. 5

34

their surface being coarsely granular and their vertical edge wavy. Those of the lower cycles
do not reach the columella.

The columella, which consists of numerous coarse anastomosing curls, is elongate, pro-
minent, and not very deep-seated.

Heioht of corallum 8 millim.; major diameter of mouth of calicle 6 millim., minor
diameter 4 millim.

49. Placotrochides scaphula n. sp. Plate IV. Fig. 32, 32*7.
Stat. 212. 50 54.5 S., I20°iq'.2E. 462 m. 1 Ex., dead.

Corallum simple, compressed, extremely short, broad-based as if it had been broadly
attached, shaped like a flat-bottomed boat.

The costce are almost obscured by a thin ripple-marked epitheca on the side-wall, but
are distinct enough on the base.

The calicular orifice is ovate, not regularly elliptical, one end being very much sharper
than the other; its axial diameters are as 7:4, and the minor axis is on a slightly lower
plane than the major.

The septa, which are thin, are arranged as if in eight systems of three cycles, and the
majority of them reach the columella : their surface is sharply but very sparsely denticulate.

The columella is a large oval reticulum of thin, crisply-curled processes, and has a
sunken look, owing to its septal junctions being higher than its centre.

Height of corallum between 2 and 3 millim.; major diameter of mouth of calicle 7
millim., minor diameter 4 millim.

II. Family Oculixid.e Duncan.
Two genera of this family are represented in the "Siboga" collection.

XXI. Amphihelia Edw. & H., Duncan.

Cf. Martin Duncan. Trans. Zool. Soc. London VIII, 1874, pp. 323 — 327 and Journ. Linn.
Soc. Zool. XVIII, 1884—85, p. 39.

The collection includes representatives of four species of this genus.

Synopsis of the Siboga species of Amphihelia.

I. Mouths of calicles over 2 millim. in diameter:

1. Calicles shallow: costal striations short and indistinct l. A. oculata.

2. Calicles of moderate depth : 110 costse, coenenchyma dense and

very smooth 2. A. arbuscula.

3. Calicles deepish : costal striations long, sinuous and distinct. . 3. A. ratnea.

35

II. Mouths of calicles about 2 millim. in diameter: outer wal] of calicles

with line longitudinal rows of fine granules 4. .!. tennis.

50. Ampkihelia oculata Linn., Edw. & H.

Amphihelia oculata Milne Edwards et Haime. Ann. Sci. Nat. Zool. 3 sér. XIII. 1850, p. 85,
and Mist. Nat. Corall. II, 119 (ubi synon.). Martin Duncan, Trans. Zool. Soc. Lond. VIII,
p. 326, pi. XLV. figs. 1 — 3. Lacaze-Duthiers, Archiv. de Zool. Expérim. 3 sér. V, 1897,
p. 142, pi. VIII. figs. 1 — 7.

Stat. 267. 5°54'S., i32°s6'.7E. 9S4 m. A dead fragment.
Stat. 297. io°39'S., i23°4o' E. 520 m. A small branch.

In the Indian Museum there is a large piece of this species from the N. Atlantic
(" Cfrudan" Expedition) some of the smaller branches of which agree in every respect with the
Siboga fragment from Station 297. As to the identity of the small dead fragment from Station
267, I am not quite certain.

Distribution. N. Atlantic, Mediterranean, deep basins of East Indian Archipelago.

51. Amphihelia ramen Muller, Duncan.

Amphihelia rautca Martin Duncan. Trans. Zool. Soc. Lond. VIII, 1874, p. 326, pi. XLIV.
figs. 1 — 3, pi. XLV. figs. 4 — 6, pi. XL VI. figs. 1 — 19.

Stat. 95. 5°43'.5N., ii9°4o' E. 522 m. Two dead fragments.
Stat. 156. o°29'.2 S., 1300 5'-3 E. 469 m. Some dead fragments.
Stat. 251. 5°28'.4S., 1320 o'.2 E. 204 m. Some fine branches.

According to Martin Duncan all Diplohelice with costal strise are referable to this
species, which thus includes Amphihelia mioecsnica Seguenza, Amphihelia atlantica and ornata
Duncan, Diplohelia meneghiniana and doder leinia and sismondiana Seguenza, and Diplohelia
ftrofunda Pourtalès. The last named, however, is a Coenopsammia.

The fine specimens which I identify with this variable species exhibit very close and
regular budding and but slight tendency to anastomosis.

Distribution. Both sides of N. Atlantic, East Indian Archipelago; Sicilian Tertiaries.

52. Amphihelia arbuscula Moseley.

Lophohelia arbuscula Moseley. Challenger Deep Sea Madreporaria, p. 1S0, pi. VIII. figs. 9. 10.

Stat. 12. 70 15' S., 11 50 15'. 6 E. 289 m. Two small fragments.
Stat. 95. 5°43'.5X., U9°4o' E. 522 m. Numerous branches.
Stat. 156. o°29'.2 S., 1300 S'.3 E. 469 m. A small fragment.

This species cliffers from A. oculata chiefly in the greater density of the coenenchyma
and the polish of its surface, and in the greater depth of the calicles. In some of the calicles
there are small paliform lobes on the septa of the second cycle.

Distribution. East Indian Archipelago.

36

53- Ampliihclia tenuis Moseley.

Lophohelia tenuis Moseley. Challenger Deep Sea Madreporaria, p. 180, pi. VIII. figs. n — 14.

Stat. 95. 5°43'.5 N., 1 i9°4o' E. 522 m. A small fragment.

There is no coenenchyma ; the calicles are small long and trumpet-shaped, and their
outer surface is longitudinally striped with rows of fine rounded granules.
Distribution. Off the Philippines.

XXII. Sclerohelia Edw. & H., Duncan.

54. Sclerohelia formosa Alcock.

? Cyathohelia formosa Alcock. Investigator Deep Sea Madreporaria, p. 26, pi. III. figs. 2, 2a.

Stat. 289. 9°o'.3S., i2Ó°24'.5E. 112 m. Several pieces.
Distribution. Off the Maldives : off Celebes.

III. Family Astr.eid.e Edw. & H.
The collection contains but one species of this family.

XXIII. Pourtalosmilia Duncan.

Blastosmilia Duncan. Trans. Zool. Soc. Lond. X, 1877 — 79, p. 244 (1878).
Pourtalosmilia Duncan. Journ. Linn. Soc. Zool. XVIII. 1884 — 85. p. 72 (1884).

55. Pourtalosmilia dumosa n. sp. Plate V, fig. 33, 33^.

Stat. 156. o°29'.2S., 1300 5'-3 E. 469 m. Some dry branches.
Stat. 259. 5°29'.2S., I32°52'.5 E. 487 m. A fragment.

The parent corallum is long, straight or slightly sinuous, cylindrical, and of the same
diameter throughout : it gives off, on every side, buds which grow out into branches like but
shorter than the parent, and these again give off a few short secondary branches : the primary
and secondary branches may unite to form a bush with scalariform ramifications. The whole
outer surface of the corallum is covered with fine discrete granules and is traversed by fine
granular costal striations.

The calicular orifice is circular and the fossa extremely deep. The fossa is but little
encroached upon by the non-exsert septa, which are in six systems and three cycles, those of
the first cycle being much larger than those of the second which again are a little larger than
those of the third. All the septa are thin, entire, and sometimes microscopically granular or
spicular.

The septa of the first cycle unite at the bottom of the calicle, but there is no columella.

The dissepiments are thin sheets of vitreous tissue placed very far apart.

37
The diameter of the calicle of the parent and of full-grown buds is about 3.5 millim.

I place this species in Martin Duncan's genus Pourtalosmilia, without however being
able to appreciate the difference between this genus and the Triassic and Jurassic genus Goniocora.
In external form this species much resembles the Caryophyllia arbuscula figured by Dana on
plate 27 of his "Zoophytes."

MADREPORARIA FUNGIDA.

IV. Family Lophoserid.k Martin Duncan.
Only two genera of this family are represented in the collection.

XXIV. Bathyactis Moseley.

Bathyactis Moseley. Challenger Deep Sea Madreporaria, p. 185.

The collection contains four species, one of which is doubtfully referred to this genus,
since it has a crown of large and very distinct pali opposite the septa of the second order.

Synopsis of the Siboga species of Bathyactis.

I. No pali distinguishable :

1. Septa in four complete cycles \. B. symmetrica.

2. Septa in five complete cycles:

I. Basal wall flat, septa low 2. B. Sibogce.

II. Basal wall very concave, septa very high 3. B. stephana.

II. A crown of pali opposite the septa of the second order 4. B. palifera.

56. Bathyactis symmetrica (Pourtalès) Moseley.

Fungia symmetrica Pourtalès. Illustr. Catalogue Mus. Comp. Zool, N° IV, 1871, p. 46, pi.

VII, figs. 5, 6: Martin Duncan, Trans. Zool. Soc. VIII. 1873 — 74, p. 334, pi. XLIX,

figs. 16 — 19.
Bathyactis symmetrica Moseley. Challenger Deep Sea Madreporaria, p. 186, pi. XI, figs.

1 — 13: Jourdan, Zoanchaires du yacht 1'Hirondelle (Monaco, 1895, p. 28): Alcock Investi-

gator Deep Sea Madreporaria, p. 28.

Stat. 12. 70 15' S., U5°is'.6E. 289 m. 1 Ex.

Stat. 18. 7°28'.2S., ii5=24'.6E. 101S m. 8 Ex.

Stat. 59. io°22'.7 S., i23°i6'.5E. 390111. 1 Ex.

Stat. 95. 5°43'.5X., ii9°4o' E. 522 m. 9 Ex.

Stat. 178. 20 40' S., i28337'.5E. S35 m. 3 Ex.

Stat. 20S. 50 39' S., 1220 12' E. 1886 m. 1 Ex.

Stat. 241. 40 24.3 S., I29°49'.3E. 1570 m. 1 Ex.

-Label lost" 28 Ex.

Distribntiou. All the Oceans, from 32 to 2900 fathoms.

38

57- Bathyaciis stephana Alcock.

Batliyactis stephana Alcock. Journal Asiatic Soc. Bengal, Vol. LXII, pt. 2, 1893, p. 149, pi.
V, figs. 12, iza, and Investigator Deep Sea Madreporaria, p. 28, pi. III, fig. 5, ^a.

Stat. 88. o°34'.6N., H9°8'.5E. 1301 m. 1 Ex.

3 small fragments from 49a may also possibly belong to this species: their texture is
much stronger and denser, but this may be the result of shallow-water conditions.
Distribution. Bay of Bengal, Macassar Strait.

58. Bathyaciis Sibogee n. sp.

Stat. 95.? 5°43'.5N., 119 40' E. 522 m. 1 Ex.

Stat. 159. o°S9'.i S., i29°48'.8E. 411 m. 1 Ex.

Stat. 175. 2°37'.7S., I30°33'.4E. 1914 m. 1 Ex.

Stat. 297. io°39' S., i23°4o' E. 520 m. 1 Ex.

It is unnecessary to give a lengthened description of this species, as it agrees with B.
symmetrica in all respects except that (1) the septa are more numerous, being in 5 complete
cycles instead of 4, and (2) the texture of the corallum is even more delicate. It is also
much larger.

From B . stephana, which also has 5 cycles of septa, it cliffers in having the basal wall
flat instead of deeply concave, and the septa low instead of very tall.

Diameter of largest specimen 57 millim.

59. Bathyactis palifera n. sp. Plate V. Fig. 34, 34a.

Stat. 98. 6° 9' N., 1200 21' E. 350 m. 2 Ex.
Stat. 153. o°3'.8N., i30°24'.3E. 141 m. 3 Ex.

Corallum discoidal : basal wall nearly flat, with fine, low, but distinct, discretely-granular
radiating costae.

Septa in six systems and five complete cycles, those of the first cycle being free, but
those of the other cvcles combinirigf to form six beautifullv-regfular deltas. In the first three
cycles the septa rise up as high crest-like lobes, which are traversed by elegant parallel serru-
late strise : those of the first cycle are considerably the tallest, those of the third cycle consi-
derably the lowest.

There are six large, foliaceous, upright, isolated pali — one opposite to each of the
second cycle where these are joined by the septa of the third cycle.

The columella, which is small and umbilicate, is formeel by the union of the 12 septa
of the first two cycles.

The septa are echinulate, but besides this there are five (ir six concentric series of synapti-
culae, which are most distinct in the neighbourhood of the 1 2 large septa of the first two cycles.

Diameter of corallum 17 millim.

Greatest height of corallum 6 „

Only dead coralla were dredged.

39

XXV. Cycloseris Edw. & 11.
Stat. ioo. 6°ll'N., i2o°37'.5E. 450 m. 1 Ex., dead and worn.

óo. The single corallum dredged is dead and much ground down, so that its specific
identity is lost.

MADREPORARIA PERFORATA.

V. Family Eupsammid.e Edw. & H , Duncan.

Five genera, including subgenera, are represented in the collection.

XXVI. Stephanophyllia Michelin, Edw. & H. Duncan.

Both of the Challenger species were dredged by the Siboga, along with a new and
nearly-related species.

Synopsis of the Siboga species of Stephanophyllia.

I. The columella is a spongy mass: the primary septa are quite independent . 1. 5. formosissima.
II. The columella is an elongate vertical lamella :

I. The primary septa are in contact, near the middle, with the

deltas on either side 2. S. complicata.

II. The primary septa are independent 3-5. fungulus.

6 1 . Stephanophyllia formosissima Moseley.

Stephanophyllia formosissima Moseley. Proc. Roy. Soc. 1876, p. 561, and Challenger Deep
Sea Aladreporaria, p. 201, pi. IV, fig. 11, pi. XIII, figs. 6, 7, pi. XVI, figs. 8, 9.

Stat. 95. 5°43'.5N., U9°4o' E. 522 m. 2 Ex. (small and dead).

Stat. 95. ? n ,, „2 Ex. (large, living).

Stat. 256. 5°26'.6S., i32°32'.5E. 397 m. 1 Ex. (small, dead).

Stat. 302. io°27'.9S., I23°28'.7E. 216 m. 1 Ex.

The Siboga specimens were obtained in much the same place as those of the Challenger,
namely off the Philippines and off the Kei Islands, with the additional locality further south
denoted by Station 302.

61a. Stephanophyllia formosissima Moseley, var.

Stat. 45. 70 24' S., ii8°is'.2E. 794 m. 1 Ex.
Stat. 2S4. 8°43'.iS., i2fi6.jE. 82S m. 1 Ex.

Though at first sight these two specimens seem to be something obviously distinct, a
detailed comparison reveals nothing of specific value.

They differ from the typical form in the height and texture of the septa. The septa,

4o

though much thinner and frailer, are singularly free from perforations and their edges, though
wavy and jagged, are not dentate : those of the first two cycles are as high as, or even higher
than, any of the others.

62. Stephanophyllia complicata Moseley.

Stephanophyllia complicata Moseley. Proc. Roy. Soc, 1876, p. 558, and Challenger Deep Sea
Madreporaria, p. 198, pi. IV, lig. 2, pi. XIII, figs. 3—5.

Stat. 59. io°22'./S., I23°i6'.sE. 390. m. 3 Ex., (dead).
Stat. 256. 5°26'.6S., I32°32'.5E. 397. m. 1 Ex., (dead).

These are small dead specimens: the one from Station 256 is certainly this species,
but there is some doubt about the others which are considerably damaged. They were dredged
in nearly the same place as the "Challenger" specimens.

63. Stephanophyllia fungulus n. sp. Plate V. Fig. 35, 35 rt — b.

Stat. 100. 6°n'N., I20°37'.5E. 450 m. 5 Ex., all dead.

As in 5. complicata and certain other species, the columella (which is a stout upstanding
lamina) stands in a star-shaped fossa, and each ray of the star is bisected by a primary septum.

Corallum of coarsish texture, circular, without tracé of adherence, the under surface or
wall flat or only very slightly convex, the upper surface very strongly and evenly convex.

Costse of equal size, distinct from centre to edge of disk, bifurcating again and again until
they become 96 in number. The perforations between the costse form over 20 concentric rows.

Septa strongly convex, coarsish, with the edge more or less crenate, in six systems and
fïve complete cycles. Those of the isl cycle are independent, except that they are united with
the immediately-adjacent quinaries by a few trabecula?.

Perhaps the most conspicuous of all the septa are the two quinaries in each system
which lie next to the primaries that bound the system : these quinaries curve inwards and finally
unite with each other in front of the secondaries, a paliform nodule often marking the point
of junction. The two outermost quinaries in each system form, in fact, a delta so connected
with the septa of all the other cycles (except the independent primaries) that these appear to
arise from the delta by a series of successive and very regular bifurcations.

The calicular space not included within the deltas has the form of a beautifully-regular
six-rayed star, each ray of which is longitudinally bisected by a primary septum.

The columella is a stout vertical plate, the free edge of which may be entire or crenate.

The shallow calicular fossa, the sides of the columella, and the edges of the septa are
sometimes studded with coarse granules.

The diameter of the largest specimen is 15 millim.

This species is closely related not only to S. complicata Moseley (from which it is
distinguished by the characteristic predominance of the outermost quinaries of each system), but
also to 5. implexa Dennant, from which it difters emphatically in having a stout laminar columella.

4i

XXVII. Balanophyllia Searles Wood, Edw. & II. Duncan.

Besides somc dead and indeterminable fragments, three species of this genus are included
in the collection.

Synopsis of the Siboga Deep-sea species oj Balanophyllia.

I. Corallum fixed, elongate, fistulous, curved or sinuous, cylindrical, not

increasing in diameter from base to calicle Balanophyllia sp.

II. Corallum fixed, gradually expanding from base to calicle:

i. Septa of the first two cycles equal, much larger than those of

the fourth cycle i. B. cornu.

il. Septa of the first cycle much the largest, very thick and spongy :
the septa of the fourth cycle which adjoin the primaries are
much larger than those of the second cycle, which they meet 2. B. parvula.

64. Balanophyllia sp.

Stat. 107. 6° i'.5 N., I2I°28'E. 270 m. 1 Ex.

I am unable to identify this species, and as it is dead and worn I do not care to name
it. It is an elongate pipedike form like Balanophyllia (Tliecopsammia) fistula, from which it
differs in having a large prominent compact columella made up of twisted lamelle, much like
that of Balanophyllia ( Thecopsammia) gemma Moseley.

65. Balanophyllia cornu Moseley.

Balanophyllia cornu Moseley. Challenger Deep Sea Madraporaria, p. 192, pi. XII, figs. 11 — 15.
Stat. 297. io°39'S., i23°4o'E. 520 m. 1 Ex.

Though the beautiful specimen which I identify with this graceful species differs from
the three individuals described by Moseley in having the septa more exsert, I believe it to be
the same.

Jourdan ( "Hirondelle" Zoanthaires) identifies this species from the N. Atlantic in the
neighbourhood of the Azores. The "Challenger" specimens came from off the Kei Islands, and
the "Siboga" specimens from the sea south of Timor.

66. Balanophyllia parvula Moseley.

Balanophrllia parvula Moseley. Challenger Deep Sea Madreporaria, p. 194, pi. XV, figs. 9, ga.

Stat. 251. 5°28'.4S., i32°o'.2E. 204 m. 1 Ex.

The single specimen of this singularly beautiful species has all the well-marked specific
characters described by Moseley, and only differs in being taller and more elegantly pedicellate.
Dislribution. Celebes Sea, Banda Sea.

SIBOGA-EXPEDITIE XVI(7. 6.

QC

42

XXVIII. Subgenus Thecopsammia Pourtalès.
Thecopsammia Pourtalès. Illust. Cat. Mus. Comp. Zool., N" IV, 1871, p. 43.
The collection contains two species referable to this genus.

Synopsis of the Siboga Dcep-Sea species of Thecopsammia.

I. Corallum very elongate, fistulous or vermiform, of nearly equal diameter throughout

its length: columella small and reticulate \. T. fistula.

II. Corallum expanding gradually from pedicle to calicle: Columella large and

compact, made up of twisted lamellae, 2. T. gemina.

67. Balanophyllia (Thecopsammia) gemma Moseley.

Thecopsammia gemma Moseley. Challenger Deep Sea Madreporaria, p. 195, pi. XV, fïgs.
8, 8a— b.

Stat. 297. io°39'S., i23°4o'E. 520 m. 1 Ex.
Distribution. Sulu-Celebes Sea, Sea south of Timor.

6S. Balanophyllia (Thecopsammia) fistula n. sp. Plate V. Fig. 36, 36a.

Stat. 105. 6° 8' N., 1210 19' E. 275 m. 2 Ex.
Stat. 107. 6°i'.5N., i2i°28'E. 270 m. 1 Ex.

Corallum greatly elongate, vermiform, subcylindrical and of nearly equal diameter throughout,
covered with a thin epitheca beneath which it is granular and very indistinctly costate.

Calicular orifice broadly elliptical, with the lip thickened. Septa not exsert, in six systems
and four complete cycles, thick and spongy at the junction with the calicular margin, thin and
finely granular or spicular elsewhere. Those of the first cycle are much the largest ; those of
the second cycle are large, but do not quite reach the columella; those of the fourth cycle
are a good deal larger than those of the third, towards which they curve and in front of
which they meet.

Columella elliptical, prominent, loosely spongy, fairly deep-seated.
Length of broken corallum 95.00 millim.
Major diameter of calicle 7.00 „
Minor „ „ „ 6.00

What look like secondary corallites, produced by budding, may be present on the dead
part of the corallum, far from the calicle; but they are separate individuals which have simply
settled there, as is shown by the fact that when they are detached the wall of the original
o trallum is found intact.

XXIX. Subgenus Coenopsammia Edw. & H.

Synopsis of the Siboga Deep-sea species of Coenopsammia.

The caliclcs are empty-looking, owing to the septa, which are subequal, being Iittle more
than ridges:

i. Corallites subcylindrical, the mouths of the calicles about four millim.
in diameter:

I. Corallites on both sides of the branches, none in the axils i. C. profunda.
II. Corallites usually present in the axils of the branches and

on only one side of the branch 2. C. amphelioid.es.

2. Corallites funncl-shaped, the mouths of the calicles about 2 millim. in

diameter: no coenenchyma 3. C. pusilla.

69. Dendrophyllia (Coenopsammia) profunda Pourt.

Diplohelia profunda Pourtalès. Buil. Mus. Comp. Zool. Vol. I, 1863 — 69, p. 114.
Dendrophyllia profunda Pourtalès. Buil. Mus. Comp. Zool. Vol. V, 1878 — 79, p. 208, pi. I.
figs. 6—8.

Stat. 266. s°56'.5S., i32°47'.7E. 595 m. 2 Ex.

At first sight this species would be taken tbr an Amphihclia (Diplohelia), as indeed
it at first was by Pourtalès.

Distribution. Gulf of Mexico : Banda Sea : Sea off Ceylon.

70. Dendrophyllia (Coenopsammia) amphelioides n. sp. Plate V, fig. 37, 37^.

Stat. 156. o°29'.2S., 1300 5'. 3 E. 469 m. Some dead fragments.
Stat. 177. 2°24'.5S., I29°38'.5E. 1633 m. Some fine branches.

This species is very closely related to, if it is not identical with, Coenopsammia scillce
Seguenza (Mem. Accad. Sci. Torino 2 Ser. XXI, 1864, p. 519, tav. xiv. fig. 2). Like Den-
drophyllia profunda Pourt., it at first sight strongly simulates an Amphihclia, for which in
my preliminary sorting of the collection I mistook it.

Colony dendroid, gemmation taking place near the calicular margin and being alternately
distichons or, more commonly, dichotomous leaving the parent calicle immersed and more or
less compressed between two branches, as in CyatJioIiclia. The openings of the calicles all tend
to face one way, and are commonly circular (except in the axils).

Costal striations all equally distinct, in the form of finely scabrous vermicular ridges
traversing the whole length of the colony.

The calicles after budding are Iittle prominent, or even almost immersed: they are deep
and empty-looking owing to the shallowness of the septa.

Septa approximately equal, elegantly notching the somewhat tumid margin of the calicle
hut not exsert, not encroaching on the calicular fossa. They are in six regular systems and

44

three cycles : those of the third cycle usually unite with those of the second near the columella,
but those of the first cycle usually remain independent.

Columella deep-seated, always present, but variable in size, spongy and crisp.

Diameter of calicles about 4 millim.

From D. profunda Pourt. this species is distinguished by the following characters :

(1) The corallites all face, or tend to face, one way, leaving one face of the dendroid
colony quite bare :

(2) The budding is frequently dichotomous, with a corallite sunk in the axil between
two branches, and after budding, the corallites project very little:

(3) The vermicular strise of the corallites and coenenchyma, though bold enough, are
not so coarse as in D. profunda :

(4) The mouths of the calicles are larger, owing to the lip being less swollen :

(5) The septa of the 3rd cycle are more nearly equal to those of the other two cycles,
and they almost always unite with the secondaries :

(6) The tissue forming the columella is more abundant.

71. Dendrophyllia (Coenopsammia) pusilla n. sp. Plate V. Fig. 38, 38a.
Stat. 95. 5°43'ó N., iiq°4o'E. 522 m. 2 Ex.

This is another species that at first sight simulates an Amphihelia, having a strong
resemblance to A. tennis Moseley.

Colony made up of corallites which bud laterally near the calicular margin in an alternate-
distichous (occasionally dichotomous) arrangement, without coenenchyma.

The surface of the corallum is frosted with sharp little granules, but there is no striation
or vermiculation.

The corallites are elongate and funnel-shaped, with very deep empty-looking calicles, the
mouths of which are a little oblique.

Septa subequal, in six systems and three cycles, those of the third cycle uniting with
those of the second : they are not exsert and are very shallow, projecting but little into the
calicular fossa.

There is no columella.

Lensjth of a corallite about 6 millim.

Diameter at base „ 2 „

Diameter of calicular orifice 2 „

45

IV. LIST OF THE LOCALITIES WHERE THE
SIBOGA DEEP SEA MADREPORARIA WERE DREDGED.

STATION 12. 7°i5'S., ii5°i5'.6E. East of Madura Strait, 289 M. Caryophyllia davits var. trans-
versalis Mos., Flabellum distinctum E. & H., Placotrochus candeanus E. & H., Amphihelia arbuscula Mes.,
Bathyactis symmetrica Pourt.

STATION 17. 7°28'.5S., 115° 28' E. East of Madura Strait, 1060 M. Flabellum japonicum Mos.

Station 18. 7°28'.2S., II5°24'.6E. East of Madura Strait, 10 18 M. Flabellum japonicum Mos.,
Bathyactis symmetrica Pourt.

Station 3S. 7°35'.4S., ii7°28'.6E. Off Paternoster Is., 521 M. Flabellum australe': Mos.

STATION 45. 7°24' S., ii8°is'.2E. Off Paternoster Is., 794 M. Caryophyllia scobinosa n. sp., Delto-
cyathus italicus Mich., Deltocyathus fragilis n. sp., Flabellum laciniatum Phil. var. messum Alc, Stephano-
phyllia fonnosissima Mos. var.

STATION 52. 90 3'. 4 S., 119° 56'./ E. Sandahvood Strait, 959 up to 36 M. Sabinotrochus bipatella n. sp.

STATION 59. io°22'.7S., I23°i6'.5 E. S. of Timor, western entrance of Samau Strait, 390 M. Caryo-
phyllia ephyala Alc, Citharocyatkus venustus n. sp., Flabellum sp., Placotrochides dentiformis n. sp.,
Tropidocyathus lessoni Mich., Deltocyathus lens n. sp., Bathyactis symmetrica Pourt., Stephanophyllia com-
plicata Mos., Balanophyllia sp.

Station 88. o° 34'.6 N., ii9°8'.5E. Northern end of Macassar Strait, 1301 M. Stephanotrochus Sibogm
n. sp., Bathyactis stephana Alc.

Station 90. i°i7'.5X., 1 18° 53' E. Northern end of Macassar Strait, 281 M. Caryophyllia quadra-
genaria n. sp.

Station 95. 5°43'.5 N., ii9°4o'E. Southern end of Sulu Sea, 522 M. Caryophyllia clavusQ) Scacchi,
Caryophyllia ephyala Alc, Conotrochus fiaiicolumna n. sp., Cyathoceras Tydemani n. sp., Trochocyathus
pileus n. sp. Thecocyathus rhombocolitmna n. sp., Citharocyatkus couicus n. sp., Deltocyathus italicus Mich..
Deltocyathus magnificus Mos., Deltocyathus magnificus var. sulueusis nov., Deltocyathus leus n. sp., Disco-
trochus dentatus n. sp., Discotrochus sp., Flabellum dens 11. sp., Desmophyllum alabastrum n. sp., Desmo-
phyllum sp.. Amphihelia ramea Muil., Amphihelia arbuscula Mos., Amphihelia tennis Mos., Bathyactis sym-
metrica Pourt., Bathyactis Sibogce n. sp., Stephanophyllia fonnosissima Mos., Coenopsammia pusilla n. sp.

Station 96. South east side of Pearl Bank: Sulu Archipelago, 15 M. Trochocyathus caryophylloides
n. sp., Thecocyathus virgatus n. sp., Paracyathus pruinosus n. sp., Deltocyathus magnificus Mos. [Although
they were dredged in shallow water these are all deep-sea forms].

Station 98. 6°9'N., i20D2i'E. Southern end of Sulu Sea, 350 M. Discotrochus dentatus n. sp.,
Bathyactis palifera n. sp.

46

Station ioo. 6° 1 1' N., 1200 37'. 5 E. Southern end of Sulu Sea, 450 M. Caryophyllia clavusfi) Scacchi,
Conotrochus funicolumna n. sp., Deltocyathus italicus Mich., Deltocyathus magnificus var. suluensis nov.,
Discotroclius dentatus n. sp., Flabellum suluense, n. sp., Stephanophyllia fungulus n. sp., Cycloseris sp.

STATION ioi. 6° 15' N., i20°2i'E. Sulu Sea, 1270 M. Caryophyllia cultrifera, n. sp.

STATION 102. 6°4'.i N., I20°44'E. Southern end of Sulu Sea, 535 M. Caryophyllia scobinosa n. sp.,
Ceratotrochus sp.

Station 105. 6°8' N., I2i°ic/E. South-eastern end of Sulu Sea, 275 M. Cyathoceras Tydemani
n. sp., Thecocyathus virgatus n. sp., Desmophyllum alabastrum n. sp., Flabellum latum Studer, Thecopsam-
mia fistula n. sp.

Station 107. 6° i'.5 N., I2I°28'E. South-eastern end of Sulu Sea: Channel between the islands of
Sulu and Bangalao, 270 M. Balanophyllia sp., Thecopsammia fistula n. sp.

Station 150. o°6' N., i2o,°7'.2E. 1089 M. Phlceocyathus hospes n. sp.

Station 156. o°2c/.2S., i30°5'.3E. 469 M. Odontocyathus sexradiis n. sp., Amphihelia ramea Muil.
Amphihelia arbuscula Mos., Pourtalosmilia dumosa n. sp., Ccenopsammia amphelioides n. sp.

STATION 159. O0 59'. 1 S., 129° 48'. 8 E. 411 M. Lochmmotrochus oculeits n. sp., Odontocyathus s/cl/a
n. sp., Bathyactis sibogic n. sp., Citharocyathus (?) sp., Ceratotrochus (?) sp,, Caryophyllia (?) sp.

Station 166. 2°28'.5S., i3i°3'.3E. Between Misool and New-Guinea, 118 M. Deltocyathus magnificus
Mos. (?) Flabellum distinctum E. & H. [Deep-Sea species though dredged in shallow water].

Station 173. 3°27' S., i3i°o'.5 E. 567 M. Stephanotrochus Weberianusï

STATION 175. 2° if.y S., I30°33',4E. 1914 M. Bathyactis Siboga n. sp.

Station 177. 2°24'.5 S., i29°3S'.5 E. 1033 to 1300 M. Caryophyllia panda n. sp., Coenopsammia
amphelioides n. sp., Stephanophyllia formosissima Mos.

Station 178. 2°4o' S., 12S0 37'. 5 E. North off Ceram, 835 M. Bathyactis symmetrica Pourt.

STATION 208. 5°39' S., I22°i2' E. Flores Sea, 1886 M. Bathyactis symmetrica Pourt.

Station 211. 5°4o'.7 S., I20°45'.5 E. Flores Sea, 11 58 M. Sabinotrochus flatiliseptis n. sp.

Station 212. 5°54'.5.S., I20°I9'.2E. 462 M. Flabellum japonicum Mos. , Placotrochides scaphula n. sp.

STATION 241. 4°24'.3S., I29°49'.3 E. Banda Sea, 1570 M. Bathyactis symmetrica Pourt.

STATION 251. 5°28'.4S., 1320 o'. 2 E. Banda Sea, 204 M. Caryophyllia ephyala Alc, Caryophyllia
quadragenaria, n. sp., Trochocyathus caryophyllioides n. sp., Deltocyathus italicus Mich., Flabellum lamellu-
losum n. sp., Flabellum australe Mos., Amphihelia ramea Muil., Balanophyllia parvula Mos.

Station 253. 5°4S'.2S., I32°i3' E. 304 M. Trochocyathus caryophylloides n. sp., Flabellum irregu-
lare? Semper.

STATION 256. 5°26'.6S., I32°32'.5E. 397 M. Caryophyllia clavus var. transversalis Mos., Cerato-
trochus venustus n. sp., Faracyathus Agassizii Duncan, Deltocyathus lens n. sp., Stephanophyllia formosissima
Mos., Stephanophyllia complicata Mos.

STATION 259. 5°29'.2S., I32°52'.5E. 487 M. Sclerohelia formosa Alc, Desmophyllum crista-galli
E. & H., Lochmccotrochus oculeits n. sp., Pourtalosmilia dumosa n. sp., Caryophyllia sp., Amphihelia sp.

Station 262. $°53'.SS., 132° 48'. SE. 560 M. Odontocyathus} sp.

47

Station 266. 5°56'.5S., 1320 4 f. 7 E. 595 M. Coenopsammia profunda Pourt.

Station 267. 5°54' S., i32°56'.7E. 984 M. Amphihelia oculata L.

Station 275. 4°52'.5S., i28°37' E. Banda Sea, 4914 M. Deltocyathus lens n. sp.

STATION 284. 8° 43'. 1 S., i27°i6'.7E. Arafura Sea. 828 M. Stephanotrochus Weberianus\ Flabellum
laciniatum Phil. var. messutn, Stephanophyllia formosissima Mos. var.

STATION 297. iO°39' S., I23°40'E. Off the Sahul Bank, South of Timor, 520 M. Amphihelia
oculata L., Bathyactis Sibogce 11. sp., Balanophyllia cornu Mos., Thecopsammia gemma Mos.

STATION 302. iO°27'.9S., I23°28'.7E. 216 M. Stephanophyllia formosissima Mos.

Station 314. 7° 36' S., ii7°3o'.8E. 694 M. Flabellum laciniatum Phil., var. messutn.

S 1'ation 316. 70 i9'.4 S., 1 16°49'.5 E. Neighbourhood of Paternoster Is. 538 M. Flabellum australe': Mos

48

V. LIST OF THE SPECIES OF DEEP-SEA
MADREPORARIA OF THE SIBOGA COLLECTION.

MADREPORARIA APOROSA.
I. Family Tureinolid^e.

I. Caryophyllia.

i. C. cultrifera n. sp.

2. C. scobinosa n. sp.

3. C. panda n. sp.

4. C. ephyala Alc.

5. C. ? clavus Scacchi.

6. C. transversalis Mos

7. C. quadragenaria n. sp

8. Caryophyllia? sp. .

II. Ceratotrochus.

1. C. venustus n. sp.

2. Ceratotrochus sp.

3. Ceratotrochus sp.

III. Conotrochus.

1. C. funicolumna n. sp.

IV. Phloeocyathus.

1. P. hospes n. sp_

V. Lochmaeotrochus.

1. L. oculeus n. sp.

VI. Cyathoceras.
1. C. Tydemani n. sp.

. . 101 . .

. 45 & 102 .

. . 177 . .

59, 95 & 251
95, 100 & 259

. 12 & 256 .
90, 251 (& 289)

. . 159 . .

\6 .

102
'59

95 & 100

150

159 & 259.

95 & 105 .

Page.

7
8

9
9
9
9
10

7

10
10
10

1 1

12

'3

H

I.
I.
I.

I.

II.

II.

Figuie.

1, I a.

2, 2a.

3, 3*-

4, 40.

5. S«-

6, 6 a.

8, Sa.

9, ga.

7> 7a-

49

VII. Trochocyathus.

i. T. caryophylloides n. sp.
2. T. pilcus n. sp.

VIII. Thecocyathus.

i. T. rhombocolumna n. sp.
2. T. virgatus n. sp. .

IX. Tropidocyathus.
i. T. Lessoni Mich. .

X. Paracyathus.

i. P. Agassizi Duncan.

2. P. pruinosus n. sp.

XI. Deltocyathus.

1. D. italicus Mich

2. D. lens n. sp

3. D. magnificus Mos.

,. ,, var. suluensis

4. D. fragilis n. sp

XII. Citharocyathus.

1. C. conicus n. sp.

2. C. venustus n. sp.

XIII. Odontocyathus.

[.O. sexradiis n. sp.

2. ( )dontocyathus sp.

3. O. stella n. sp. .

XIV. Stephanotrochus.

1. S. weberianus n. sp. .

2. S. Sibogae n. sp

XV. Sabinotrochus.

1. S. fiatiliseptis n. sp. .

XVI. Discotrochus.

1. D. dentatus n. sp.

2. Discotrochus sp.

251, 253 (& 91
• • 95 • •

• • 95 ■

. 105 (& 96)

. 59 (49*, 260, 289).

256

(96)

45, 95, 100 & 251
59, 95, 256 & 275
. 95, 166? (& 96) .
. . 95 & 100 . .
. . . 45 . . .

95
59

156
262
159

284 (and 173
. . 88 .

21 1

2. S. bipatella n. sp .... 52

95, 90 & 100
• ■ 95 • •

M

15

16
16

'7

18
18

19
19

20
20
21

22

22

23
24
24

25
25

26

27

27
27

l'hllr

II.

II.

II.
II.

II.

III.

II.

II.

III.
III.

III.

III.

III.
III.

IV.
IV.

IV.

I I III

10, 10 a.

11 . [ ia.

12.

'3-

14, 14 a.

17, 17 a.

16, 16a.

15, 15*.

18, 18*.

19, iga.

20, 20 ei, b.

21, 2\a, b.

22, 22*.

23, 23*.

24, 24*.

25, 25*.

26, 26a.

>IBi IG V-EXPEDITIE XVI (7.

;o

XVII. Desmophyllum.

1. D. crista-galli E. & H.

2. D. alabastrum n. sp. .

3. Desmophyllum sp. . .

XVIII. Flabellum.

Station.

1. F. distinctum E. & H. . . .

2. F. lamellulosum n. sp. . . .

3. F. australe, Mos

Flabellum sp. (? australe Mos.).

4. F. latum Studer

3-

F. laciniatum Phil. var. messum.

• ?59 •
95 & 105

• 95 •

12 (51 & 1 66)
. . 251 . .
. . 251 . .
. 38, 216 .
. . 105 . .
45, 284 & 314

6. F. suluense n. sp . . . . 100 . .

7. F. irregulare Semper ... 253 (49^) .

8. F. dens n. sp .... 95 . .

9. F. japonicum Mos . . 17, 18 & 212

XIX. Placotrochus.

I. P. candeanus E. & H.

XX. Placotrochides.

1. P. dentiformis n. sp. .

2. P. scaphula n. sp. .

12

59

212

Page.

Plate.

28

28

IV.

28

3°

30

IV.

30

31

—

31

—

3i

—

31

IV.

32

—

IV.

32

33

—

1 ->
33

IV.

34

IV.

Figure.

27, 27 a.

28, 28 a, b.

29, 29 a, />.
30, 300.

3'- 31"-

II. Family Oculixid.k.

I. Amphihelia.

1. A. oculata L.

2. A. ramea Muil. .

3. A. arbuscula Mos.

4. A. tenuis Mos. .

II. Sclerohelia.

i. S. formosa Alc.

. 267 & 297 .

95, 156 & 251

■ 12, 95, 156.

• • 95 • •

259

35

35

—

35

—

36

36

III. Family Astk.eid.e.

I. Pourtalosmilia.
!. P. dumosa n. sp ... 156, 259

V.

5i

MADREPORARIA FUNGIDA.
I. Family LoPHOSERID E.

I. Bathyactis.

i. B. symmetrica Pourt.

2. B. stephana Alc. .

3. B. Sibog;u n. sp. .

4. B. palifera n. sp. .

II. Cycloseris.

1. Cycloseris sp.

I

Stutïon.

12, l8, 59,95, I/S, 2oS, 241.

... 88 (49a?) . . .

• 95? '59- 175. 297 .
. . . 98, 153 . . .

100

Page.

Plate.

37

38

—

38

38

V.

39

I

34. 34 «•

MADREPORARIA PERFORATA.
I. Family Eupsammid.k

I. Stephanophyllia.

1. S. formosissima Mos. .

S. formosissima Mos. var.

2. S. complicata Mos.

3. S. fungulus n. sp. .

II. Balanophyllia.

1. B. cornu Mos. .

2. B. parvula Mos.

3. Balanophyllia sp.

4. Balanophyllia sp.

III. Thecopsammia.

1. T. gemma Mos.
3. T. fistula n. sp.

IV. Coenopsammia.

1. C. profunda Pourt.

2. C. amphelioides n.

3. C. pusilla n. sp.

sp.

95, 177, 256 & 302
. . 45 & 284 . .
. . 59 & 256 . .
. . . 100 . . .

297
251
107
59

• 297 .
105 & 107

. 266 .

156 & 177

• 95 ■

39

39

—

40

—

40

V.

41

41

—

41

4i

42

42

V.

43

43

V.

44

V.

35. 35*. b-

36, 16 a.

37 > 37 «•
38, 38rt.

CONTENTS.

Page

I. Introduction I

II. List of Authors consulted 4

III. Systematic Account of the Siboga Deep-Sea Madreporaria 7

IV. List of the Localities where the Siboga Keep-Sea Madreporaria were dredged 45

V. List of the Species of Deep-Sea Madreporaria of the Siboga Collection 4S

VI. Plates 53

EXPLANATION OF PLATES.

Siboga -Expeditie. XVTa A. Alcock.Deep - Sea Madreporaria .

2axs.

3ax2.

6ax2.

1 . Cary ophyUia oultrifera , A . A .

3 . Caiyo phyïïia p anda , A . A .

5 . Ceratotroclms vernist-us , A A .

2. CaryophyUia sadbinosa A A.

4. CaryopHyUia cpiadragertariaA A.

6. Ceratotroehras (CYmotroclnas) fhrricoin mna AA,

CCHowdliar

7. Cyatlioceras iydemairi , A A .

PLATE I.

Fig. i, ia. Caryophyllia cultrifera. x 2.

Fig. 2, 2a. Caryophyllia scobinosa. x 2.

Fig. 3' 3#- Caryophyllia panda, x 2.

Fig. 4. Caryophyllia quadragenaria. x 21/,.

Fig. _p7. Caryophyllia quadragenaria. x 3.

Fig. 5, 5#. Ceratotrochus venustus. x 4.

Fig. 6, 6«. Ceratotrochus (Conotrochus) funicolumna.

Fig. 7. Cyathoceras Tydemani. x 3.

Pig. ja. Cyathoceras Tydemani. x 4.

Siboga- Expeditie XVIa A. Alcock Deep- Sea Madreporaiia

n.

12x4.

13X4

\"^ 15axa*/è.

tt. (Vratotroolnis Phloeooyatlms : UospeN , A.A.
10 Tri >< 'lux rya tlms caxyopLyllioideN , A. A .
12 . Tlieoocyattnis rlLombooolumna , A . A .
14. Tropidocyathtis Lessoni Micli.

9. LoribmaeotroolniS oculeus, A.A.
H.Ti'cii'liiM'yiilLnis pileiis, A.A.
13 . TkeoocyatlniN viréattLS .A.A.
15. DeJ.tooyath.us fragüis A.A

16 1 > eltocyatlius lens. A.A.

PLATE II.

Fio-. 8. Ceratotrochus (Phlceocyathus) hospes, x 3.

Fig. Sa. Ceratotrochus (Phloeocyathus) hospes, x 4.

Fig. 9. Lochmeeotrochus oculeus : natural size.

Fio-. ga. Lochmseotrochus oculeus. x 4.

Fig. 10, 10a. Trochocyathus caryophyllioides. x 2.

Fig. 11, ii«. Trochocyathus pileus. x 3.

Fio-. 12. Trochocyathus (Thecocyathus) rhombocolumna. x 4.

Fio-. 13. Trochocyathus (Thecocyathus) virgatus. x 4.

Fio-. 14, 14a. Trochocyathus (Tropidocyathus) Lessoni. x 21/,.

Fig. 15, 15^. Deltocyathus fragilis. > 21 .

Fig. 16, \6a. Deltocyathus lens. 6.

Siboga- Expeditie XVIa A.ALooclt. Deep - Sea Madreporaria.

m.

18ax*.

18x4.

21 xa.

lbx 2

17. Paracyathus pruiaosns, AA.
19. Citharocyathus ventistus, A.A.
21.0dontocyattnis stella.A.A.

18. Citharoey-athus conicTis.A.A.
20. Odontoi/yatlms sexradiis.A.A.
22. Stephanotrochus weberianus, A.A.

CChowa .-.;■, §,S C.W I Le

23. Steplianotroclms Siboéae.A.A.

PLATE III.

Fig. 17, \~a. Paracyathus pruinosus. X 2.

Fig. 18, iSrt. Citharocyathus conicus. ■ 4.

Fig. 19, 19^. Citharocyathus venustus. X 4.

Fig. 20, 2cw, 20/;. Odontocyathus sexradiis : natural size.

Fig. 21, 2iff, 21/;. Odontocyathus stella. X 2.

Fig. 22, 22a. Stephanotrochus weberianus : natural size.

Fig. 23, 23a. Stephanotrochus Sibogee : natura! size.

Sibo6>a Expeditie. XVIa A.Alcock Deep- Sea Madreporaria.

IV.

6x2%.

ZGaxa1*.

29axi'/4.

29bxiVii.

28a

30ax3V2

31ax4

32xs

32ax5.

24.Sabiaotrocliixs flatüiseptis, A.A.
26.Discotrocliiis dentatus. A.A.
28.Flabellum lameïhilo sum , A.A.
:«). Fla"beHnm deus. A.A.

25. SaTrinotroclms TnpateHaA.A
27. Desmopixylkuii alaTmstrum.A.A.
29.Fla~beIh.niL snlueiise, AA.
31. Plaootrotüiides dentiformis.A.A.

32. Placotrooüdes seaplrala.A.A

..,!,-.!

PLATE IV.

Sabinotrochus flatiliseptis. X 2.

Sabinotrochus bipatella. x 3.

Discotrochus dentatus. • 2

Desmophyllum alabastrum. • 2.

Desmophyllum alabastrum. 4.
Fig. 28, 28^, 2%è. Flabellum lamellulosum : natura/ si ze.
Fig. 29, 29a, 29/'. Flabellum suluense. > i1 ;,.

Placotrochicles dentiformis. X 4.
Placotrochides scaphula. x 5.

tig.

^4-

24a

Fig.

25,

25^

Fig.

26,

26a

Fig.

27.

Fig-.

2Jrt

Fig.

30,

30a

Fig.

3i,

3"

Fig.

32,

32«

Siboëa.- Expeditie. XVIa A.ALcock:. Deep- Sea Madreporaria ..

v:

33ax5

34ax a.

36ax*

35b x4

35 a x 4

35 x 4.

37axe

33 . Poui-talosmilia dumosa.AA.
35. Stephanopliyüia fungulus, AA.
37. Coenopsanunia amplielioides, A.A.

341. Bathyaetis palifera, AA.
36. TKecopsaminia fistula.A.A.
38 . Coenopsaimnia puHÜLa.AA.

38x2

38axs

<'. §.A.C.Chowdiiaiy.del.

PLATE V.

Pourtalosmilia dumosa : natural size.
Pourtalosmilia dumosa. x 5.
Bathyactis palifera. x 2.
35^. Stephanophyllia fungulus. x 4.

Balanophyllia (Thecopsammia) fistula : natural size.
Balanophyllia (Thecopsammia) fistula. x 4.
Dendrophyllia (Coenopsammia) amphelioides : natural size.
Fig- 37a- Dendrophyllia (Coenopsammia) amphelioides. x 6.

Dendrophyllia (Coenopsammia) pusilla. x 2.
Dendrophyllia (Coenopsammia) pusilla. x 8.

Fig.

Fig.

lla

Fig.

34,

34a.

Fig.

35,

35«,

Fig.

36.

Fig.

2,6a

Fig.

-,7-

Fig.

37«

Fig.

38.

Fig.

38a.

Aow.lEZ

, . : : i

RÈSULTATS DES EXPLORATIONS
ZOOLOGIQUES, BOTANIQUES, OCEANOGRAPHIQUES ET GEOLOGIQUES

KNTKEP&ISES AUX
ÏNIH'S NÉEBLAUDAISES OWESTAlBS • 'il 1899 — 190Ü,

a bord du 8IBOGA

SOUS I.E COMMAN1IEMKNT DE

G. F. TYDEMAN

* 11 BLIES PAK

M A. yL W É lï IC II

('hef ilc l'eipédition:

*I. Introduction et descriptïon de l'expcdition, Max Weber'.
*I1. Le bateau et soo équipement scientificnie, S. F. Tydéman.

III. Résultats biydrographiques, G. F. Tydeman.

IV. Foraminitera.

V. Railiiihii'ia. M. 11 art in an n.

VI. Porifera, G. C. J. Vosm'aer et J. H. VernhouL
VII. Hydropolypi, ('h. .lul in.
VIII. Hydrocorallinae, S. J. Iliekson.
IX. Siphonophora, Miles Lens et van Riemsdijk.
X. llvdruiuediisae, O. Maas.
XI. Scyphomednsae, O. Maas.
XII. Ctenophora, Ml'e V. Moser.
•Xlll. Gorgonidae, Alcyonidae, J. Versluys1).
XIV. Pennatulidae, S. .1. Hiekson.
XV. Aetiniaiïa, P. Me Murrich.
*XVI. Madreporaria, A. Alcoek ') et L. Düderlein.
Wil. Antipatharia, P. N. van Kampen.
X V II I . Turhellaria, L. v o n G r a f f et R. R. v o u S t u m m e r.
XIX. Cestodes, J. W. Spengel.
XX. Nematodes, A. A. W. Uubrecht.
XXI. Chaetognatha, &. H. Rowler.
XXII. Nemertim, \. A, W. Hub'recht.
XXIII. Myzostomidaè, 1>'. K. vod Stuiumer.
XXIV,;. Polychaeta errantia, R. Horst.
XXIV*. Polychaeta sedentaria, M. Caullery et F. Mesnil.
XXV. Gcp'hvrea. ('. Ph. .Sluiter.
XXVI. Enteropneusta, J. W. Spengel.
XXVII. Brachiopodaj J. I'. van Hem melen.
XXVIII. Bryozoa, S. F. Harmcr.
XXIX. Copepoda, A. Scott.
XXX. Ostracoda, G. W. Muller.
XXXI. Cirrhipedia, P. P. C. Hoek.
XXXII.'. Isopoda, II. .1. Flansen.
XXXIli. Epicaridae, J. Bon nier.

XXXIII. Amphipoda, J. Bonnier.

XXXIV. Caprellidac, P. Mayer.
XXXV. Stomatnpoda, II. .T. Ilansen.

XXXVI. Leptostraca, H. J. Hansen.
XXXVII. Schizopoda, H. J. Hansen.
XXXVIII. Sergestidae, II. 3. Hansen.
XXXIX. Decapoda, J. G. de Man.
XL. Pantepoda, J. C. C'. Lu man.
XLI. Halobatidae, J. Th. Ou de mans.
X L 1 1 . Crinoidea, h. D ö d e r 1 e i n p p,
XLIII. Eehinoidea, J. C. H. de Me ver e.
s.XLIV. Holothnrioidéa, C'. Ph. Sluiter.
XLV. Ophiuroidea, R. Kohier.
XL VI. Asteroidea, L. Düderlein.
«XLVH. Solenogastres, IL F. Nierstrasz.
XLVIII. Chitouidai', II. F. Nierstrasz.
XLIX. Prosobraiii'liia, M. M. Sc liep man.
L. Opisthobranchia, R. Bergh.
LI. Heteropoda, J. J. Tesch.
LIL Ptcropoda, J. J. Tesch.
LHI. Lamellibranchiata. P. I'elseneer et Ph. Dantzenbc rg.
LIV. Scaphopoda.
LV. Cephalopoda, L. Joubin.
LVI. Tunicata, C. Ph. Sluiter.
LV1I. Pisces, Max Weber.
LVin. Cetacea, Max Weber.
L1X. Liste des algaes, M"11' A. Weber.
*LX. Halimeda, M«e E. S. Barton. (Mme E. s. Gepp)'.
LXI. Melobesieae, Mme A. Weber et VI. E' o si ie.
LXII. Diuuflagellata. Coecosphaeridae, J. P. Lotsy,
LXIII. Diatomaceae, J. P. Lutsy.
LXIV. Deposita marina, O. li. Böggild.
LXV. Résultats géologiques, A. Wichmanu.

Siboga-Expeditie

REPORT ON THE

SEA IADRHP OMBIi OF TEE 10GHXPEDITIOH

BY

A. ALCOCK, M.B., LL.D., F.R.S.

With five plates

Monographie XVI a ol

UITKOMSTEN OP ZOOLOGISCH,
BOTANISCH, OCEANOGRAPHISCH EN GEOLOGISCH GEBIED

verzameld in Nederlandsen Oost-Indië 1S99 — 1900

aan boord H. M. Siboga onder commando van
Luitenant ter zee ie kl. G. F. TYDEMAN

UITGEGEVEN DOOR

Dr. MAX WEBER

Prof. in Amsterdam, Leider der Expeditie

(met medewerking van de Maatschappij ter bevordering van het Natuurkundig
onderzoek der Nederlandsche Koloniën)

BOEKHANDEL EN DRUKKERIJ

VOOKHKKN

E. J. BRILL

LEIDEN

iiiuiiiiiiiiiiiudm ui.iiiiiiH

Publié Aoüt 1902

# Les numéros avec un astérique oat déja parü; ceux marqués l) seulement en partie.

Voor de uitgave van de resultaten der Siboga-Expeditie hebben
bijdragen beschikbaar gesteld:

De Maatschappij ter bevordering van het Natuurkundig Onderzoek der Nederlandsche
Koloniën.

Het Ministerie van Koloniën.

Het Ministerie van Binnenlandsche Zaken.

Het Koninklijk Zoologisch Genootschap «Natura Artis Magistra" te Amsterdam.

De »Oostersche Handel en Reederij" te Amsterdam.

De Heer B. H. de Waal, Consul-Generaal der Nederlanden te Kaapstad.

CONDITIONS GÉNÉRALES DE VENTE.

i°. L'ouvrage du „Siboga" se composera d'une série de monographies.

2°. Ces monographies paraitront au fur et a mesure qu'elles seront prêtes.

3°. Le prix de chaque monographie sera différent, mais nous avons adopté comme base générale du prix de
vente: pour une feuille d'impression sans fig. flor. 0.15; pour une feuille avec fig. flor. 0.20 a 0.25 ;
pour une planche noire flor. 0.25 ; pour une planche coloriée flor. 0.40.

4°. Il y aura deux modes de souscription :

a. La souscription a l'ouvrage complet.

b. La souscription a des monographies séparées en nombre restreint.
Dans ce dernier cas, le prix des monographies sera majoré de 25 °/0.

5°. L'ouvrage sera réuni en volumes avec titres et index. Les souscripteurs a l'ouvrage complet recevront
ces titres et index, au fur et a mesure que chaque volume sera complet.

Déja paru:

ie Livraison. (Monographie XLIV) C. Ph. Sluiter. Die Holothurien der Siboga-Expedition. Mit 10 Taf.

ƒ 7-5°
Pour les souscripteurs a l'ouvrage complet. T 6. —

2c Livraison. (Monographie LX) E. S. Barton. The genus Halimeda. With 4 plates / 2.40

Pour les souscripteurs a l'ouvrage complet. „ 1.80

3c Livraison. (Monographie I) Max Weber. Introduction et description de 1'expedition. Avec Liste des

Stations et 2 Cartes f g. —

Pour les souscripteurs a l'ouvrage complet. „ 6.75

4e Livraison. (Monographie II) G. F. Tydeman. Description of the ship and appliances used for scientific

exploration. With 3 plates and illustrations ƒ 2.50

Pour les souscripteurs a l'ouvrage complet. „ 2. —

5e Livraison. (Monographie XLVII) H. F. Nierstrasz. The Solenogastres of the Siboga-Expedition. With

six plates ƒ 4.90

Pour les souscripteurs a l'ouvrage complet. „ 3.90

6e Livraison. (Monographie XIII) J. Versluys. Die Gorgoniden der Siboga-Expedition.

I. Die Chrysogorgiidae ƒ 3.75

Pour les souscripteurs a l'ouvrage complet. „ 3. —